Effect of Rate and Quantum Yield of 1-alkyl-2-(arylazo) Imidazoles on the Surface of Silver Nps

1-Alkyl-2-(arylazo)imidazole(RaaiR/) exists in trans-structure about –N=N- bond at ambient condition. Upon optical excitation in UV region the trans-RaaiR/ isomerises to cis-RaaiR/. The photochromism is very susceptible to internal substituents and external environment like solvent polarity, viscosity and presence of innocent foreign molecule. The changes from cis-to-trans occurs slowly in visible light excitation it has significantly faster rate at higher temperature. In this work we have studied the effect of silver nanoparticle on the photochromic activity of RaaiR/. The quantum yield of the photoisomerisation is dropped by 9-27% in inclusion phase AgNPs@RaaiR/ than free state and the order of rate is: free state > silver nano particle. The activation energy (Ea) of cis to trans isomerisation is also diminished compared to free state of photochrome.

Generalized Method of Effective Field in Linear Peridynamic Micromechanics of Random Structure Composites

A statistically homogeneous random matrix medium with the bond-based peridynamic properties of constituents is considered. For the media subjected to remote homogeneous volumetric boundary loading, one proved that the effective behavior of this media is governing by conventional effective constitutive equation which is the same as for the local elasticity theory. The average is performed over the surface of the extended inclusion phase rather than over an entire space. Any spatial derivatives of displacement fields are not required. The basic hypotheses of locally elastic micromechanics are generalized to their peri-static counterparts. In particular, in the generalized method of effective field proposed, the effective field is evaluated from self-consistent estimations by the use of closing of a corresponding integral equation in the framework of the quasi-crystalline approximation. In so doing, the classical effective field hypothesis is relaxed, and the hypothesis of the ellipsoidal symmetry of the random structure of CMs is not used. One demonstrates some similarity and difference with respect to other methods (the dilute approximation and Mori-Tanaka approach) proposed before in peridynamic micromechanics of CMs. Comparative numerical analyses of these methods are performed for 1D case.

Aleutite [Cu5O2](AsO4)(VO4)·(Cu0.5□0.5)Cl, a new complex salt-inclusion mineral with Cu2+ substructure derived from a Kagome-net

Aleutite, ideally [Cu5O2](AsO4)(VO4)·(Cu0.5□0.5)Cl, was found in the Yadovitaya fumarole of the Second scoria cone of the Great Fissure Tolbachik eruption, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. Aleutite occurs as individual crystals in the masses of polycrystalline anhydrite. Aleutite is monoclinic, C2/m, a = 18.090(2) Å, b = 6.2284(6) Å, c = 8.2465(9) Å, β = 90.597(2)°, V = 929.1(2) Å3 and Z = 4 (from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data). The empirical formula calculated on the basis of (As + V+Mo + Fe3+) = 2 atoms per formula unit is Сu5.40Zn0.05Ca0.01As1.09V0.84Mo0.04Fe0.03K0.05Pb0.02Rb0.01Cs0.01O9.97Cl1.07. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods and refined to an agreement index R1 = 0.066. Aleutite has a new structure type. Aleutite is unique amongst natural and synthetic copper vanadates and arsenates, as it has As5+ and V5+ cations ordered over two tetrahedral sites. The topology of ${}_\infty ^1 [{\rm Cu_5O_2}]^{6 +} $ oxocentred bands in aleutite is novel and has not been described before in minerals and synthetic materials. The structural architecture of the ${}_\infty ^1 [{\rm Cu_5O_2}]^{6 +} $ band in aleutite can be derived from a kagome network and represents a one-dimensional slice from it. In addition, aleutite is an interesting and complex example of a natural salt-inclusion phase.

Lifitegrast: a novel drug for patients with dry eye disease

The objective of this article is to review the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of lifitegrast and determine its role relative to other agents in the management of dry eye disease. A PubMed search (1946 to December 2018) using the terms lifitegrast and SAR 1118 was conducted to identify relevant articles. In vitro or in vivo evaluations of lifitegrast published in the English language were eligible for inclusion. Phase II and III trials were selected for review of efficacy and safety. Four randomized controlled trials evaluated the efficacy and safety of lifitegrast 0.5% ophthalmic solution for 12 weeks, and 1 additional trial assessed safety for 1 year. In a majority of the trials, lifitegrast caused statistically significant improvements in inferior corneal fluorescein staining scores and eye dryness scores. The most common adverse effects were eye irritation, dysgeusia, and reduced visual acuity, and most were mild to moderate in severity. Lifitegrast has a novel mechanism of action and is safe and effective for the treatment of dry eye disease. At this time, lifitegrast may be considered as an option for patients who have an inadequate response to artificial tears.

The Chlamydia muridarum plasmid revisited : new insights into growth kinetics

Background:Research in chlamydial genetics is challenging because of its obligate intracellular developmental cycle.In vivosystems exist that allow studies of different aspects of basic biology of chlamydiae, the murineChlamydia muridarummodel is one of great importance and thus an essential research tool.C. muridarumcarries a plasmid that has a role in virulence. Our aim was to compare and contrast theC. muridarumplasmid-free phenotype with that of a chromosomally isogenic plasmid-bearing strain, through the inclusion phase of the developmental cycle.Methods:We measured infectivity for plasmid bearing and plasmid-curedC. muridarumby inclusion forming assays in McCoy cells and in parallel bacterial chromosome replication by quantitative PCR, throughout the developmental cycle. In addition to these studies, we have carefully monitored chlamydial inclusion formation by confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. A newE.coli/chlamydial shuttle vector (pNigg::GFP) was constructed using standard cloning technology and used to transformC. muridarumfor further phenotypic studies.Results:We have advanced the definition of the chlamydial phenotype away from the simple static observation of mature inclusions and redefined theC. muridarumplasmid-based phenotype on growth profile and inclusion morphology. Our observations on the growth properties of plasmid-curedC. muridarumchallenge the established interpretations, especially with regard to inclusion growth kinetics. Introduction of the shuttle plasmid pNigg::GFP into plasmid-curedC. muridarumrestored the wild-type plasmid-bearing phenotype and confirmed that loss of the plasmid was the sole cause for the changes in growth and chromosomal replication.Conclusions:Accurate growth curves and sampling at multiple time points throughout the developmental cycle is necessary to define plasmid phenotypes. There are subtle but important (previously unnoticed) differences in the overall growth profile of plasmid-bearing and plasmid-freeC. muridarum. We have proven that the differences described are solely due to the plasmid pNigg.

Clinical Orofacial Examination in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: International Consensus-based Recommendations for Monitoring Patients in Clinical Practice and Research Studies

Objective.To develop international consensus-based recommendations for the orofacial examination of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), for use in clinical practice and research.Methods.Using a sequential phased approach, a multidisciplinary task force developed and evaluated a set of recommendations for the orofacial examination of patients with JIA. Phase 1: A Delphi survey was conducted among 40 expert physicians and dentists with the aim of identifying and ranking the importance of items for inclusion. Phase 2: The task force developed consensus about the domains and items to be included in the recommendations. Phase 3: A systematic literature review was performed to assess the evidence supporting the consensus-based recommendations. Phase 4: An independent group of orofacial and JIA experts were invited to assess the content validity of the task force’s recommendations.Results.Five recommendations were developed to assess the following 5 domains: medical history, orofacial symptoms, muscle and temporomandibular joint function, orofacial function, and dentofacial growth. After application of data search criteria, 56 articles were included in the systematic review. The level of evidence for the 5 recommendations was derived primarily from descriptive studies, such as cross-sectional and case-control studies.Conclusion.Five recommendations are proposed for the orofacial examination of patients with JIA to improve the clinical practice and aid standardized data collection for future studies. The task force has formulated a future research program based on the proposed recommendations.