Tax-Induced Inequalities in the Sharing Economy

The growth of sharing economy marketplaces like Airbnb has generated discussions on their socioeconomic impact and lack of regulation. As a result, most major cities in the United States have started to collect an “occupancy tax” for Airbnb bookings. In this study, we investigate the heterogeneous treatment effects of the occupancy tax policy on Airbnb listings, using a combination of a generalized causal forest methodology and a difference-in-differences framework. While we find that the introduction of the tax significantly reduces both listing revenues and sales, more importantly, these effects are disproportionately more pronounced for residential hosts with single shared-space (nontarget) listings versus commercial hosts with multiple properties or entire-space (target) listings. We further show that this unintended consequence is caused by customers’ discriminatory tax aversion against nontarget listings. We then leverage these empirical results by prescribing how hosts should optimally set prices in response to the occupancy tax and identify the discriminatory tax rates that would equalize the tax’s effect across nontarget and target listings. This paper was accepted by Victor Martínez-de-Albéniz, operations management.

EFFECTS OF LUMINOUS COLOUR SHIFT Duv ON COLOUR PREFERENCE

Subjective experiment was carried out to investigate the combined effect on the colour preference of the interior style, correlated colour temperature (CCT) and duv. Twenty university age subjects evaluated all 28 conditions with 2 types of the interior style, 2 levels of the CCT and 7 levels of the duv. This paper reports the measured results of the chromaticity shift of the interior surface due to duv and the perception of the colour difference between the condition with any other duv and that with duv0. Subjective evaluation on the colour preference of the entire space related to the interior style, CCT and duv is also summarized. It is concluded that the acceptable range of duv to be classified as the same CCT should be reconsidered, considering colour preference.

The dynamic chirality flips of Skyrmion bubbles

Magnetic skyrmion, a topological magnetic domain with complex non-coplanar spin texture, appears a disk-like structure in two dimensions. Exploring three-dimensional spin texture and related chirality switching has drawn enormous interests from the perspective of fundamental research. Here, the three-dimensional magnetic moment of the skyrmion bubbles in centrosymmetric Mn-Ni-Ga were reconstructed with the vector field tomography approach via Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. The type of the bubbles was determined from investigating the magnetic vectors in entire space. We found that the bubbles switched their chirality easily but still keep the polarity to remain the singularity of the bubbles within the material. Our results offer valuable insights into the fundamental mechanisms underlying the spin chirality flips dynamics of skyrmion bubbles.

Critical and Subcritical Anisotropic Trudinger–Moser Inequalities on the Entire Euclidean Spaces

We investigate the subcritical anisotropic Trudinger–Moser inequality in the entire space ℝ N , obtain the asymptotic behavior of the supremum for the subcritical anisotropic Trudinger–Moser inequalities on the entire Euclidean spaces, and provide a precise relationship between the supremums for the critical and subcritical anisotropic Trudinger–Moser inequalities. Furthermore, we can prove critical anisotropic Trudinger–Moser inequalities under the nonhomogenous norm restriction and obtain a similar relationship with the supremums of subcritical anisotropic Trudinger–Moser inequalities.

PerfGuard

Modern data processing systems require optimization at massive scale, and using machine learning to optimize these systems (ML-for-systems) has shown promising results. Unfortunately, ML-for-systems is subject to over generalizations that do not capture the large variety of workload patterns, and tend to augment the performance of certain subsets in the workload while regressing performance for others. In this paper, we introduce a performance safeguard system, called PerfGuard , that designs pre-production experiments for deploying ML-for-systems. Instead of searching the entire space of query plans (a well-known, intractable problem), we focus on query plan deltas (a significantly smaller space). PerfGuard formalizes these differences, and correlates plan deltas to important feedback signals, like execution cost. We describe the deep learning architecture and the end-to-end pipeline in PerfGuard that could be used with general relational databases. We show that this architecture improves on baseline models, and that our pipeline identifies key query plan components as major contributors to plan disparity. Offline experimentation shows PerfGuard as a promising approach, with many opportunities for future improvement.

Consciousness as a new form of the matter’s state

The article discusses the physical model of the implicative form of Consciousness in the form of a holographic wave matrix, for which the material basis is directly the phase environment that fills the entire Space. It is shown that a similar form of Consciousness that exists outside the human brain can be represented as a kind of software shell that controls all forms of matter by implementing a fractal cyclic iterative algorithm. The condition for the completion of each iterative cycle at each scale level is the observance of the laws of symmetry that ensure the survival of the object in the process of copying-incarnation.

THE ROAD AS AN ESSENTIAL ELEMENT OF THE CONTENT OF THE SHOW GARDEN

In this article, we focus on the subject of the show garden and place for path in the garden, in particular its forms and functions in space and meaning. The form and function of path was examined on the basis of selected, representative examples of historical gardens and contemporary show gardens of the festival in Chaumont-sur-Loire. The results showed that a path is the leading element of every garden, and its form has a decisive influence on the composition of the entire space and allows you to note content. Based on the research results, road system diagrams in historical gardens were developed and model concepts for show gardens inspired by the history of gardens were developed. The currently very touching topic of Quarantine has become the leitmotif of the garden content.

A study of aerial courtyard of super high-rise building based on optimisation of space structure

The independent super high-rise building weakens and reduces the cooperation of functional subsystems. Implanting aerial courtyards could improve the aerial environment of that corresponding floor and enable the plane courtyards to be stereoscopic. Constructing multiple aerial courtyard-centred functional clusters of higher floors can optimise the overall space structural relationship. The paper uses the space syntax theory to discuss how to construct holistically linked aerial courtyards in a super high-rise building and applies the Grasshopper-based space syntax arithmetic logical unit to analyse and calculate the aerial courtyard of super high-rise building in different space structure modes, and also proposes design optimisation strategies based on these analyses. The paper points out that by setting aerial courtyard between vertical transportation space and functional space, establishing a direct connection between adjacent aerial courtyards, arranging vertical transportation space dispersedly and so on, it is possible to promote vertical cooperative effect, enhance integration and intelligibility of entire space structure, and provide guidelines and foundation for the construction of vertical cities.

Horror vacui como principio interpretativo del fenómeno contemporáneo de saturación con música de fondo

We are experiencing a generalization of music in all contexts, including the commercial, social and labor, to the point that sound has invaded the public space. Music has a great communication capacity and effectiveness in generating emotions and attitudes. Thus, music has been used as a persuasion tool in advertising and as a formula to produce positive responses in individuals. However, its excessive presence suggests there is a current tendency or need to fill the entire space with sounds, with no space for silence. In this work, we present this phenomenon as a manifestation in modern societies of the "horror vacui", a Latin expression that means "fear of empty space", whose origin is in the philosophical paradigm that denied the emptiness in nature and was later applied in art history to describe ornate works, without gaps, like those of the Baroque. We propose this parallelism as a research method in musical communication.