A compact infrared-heated sample introduction system provides similar analytical performance with higher robustness and faster washout than commercially available nebulization systems.
Infrared heating of the sample introduction system increased the transport efficiency, thereby improving the precision of nanoparticle size measurements.
The present work describes and discusses the use of a high temperature sample introduction system, hTISIS, for the analysis of crude oil and heavy petroleum fractions by means of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, ICP-OES.