scholarly journals The Yang-Mills heat equation with finite action in three dimensions

2022 ◽  
Vol 275 (1349) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Gross
Keyword(s):  
Heat Equation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Strong Solutions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Dimensional Manifold ◽  
Uniqueness Of Solutions ◽  
Reconstruction Procedure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Gauge Functions

The existence and uniqueness of solutions to the Yang-Mills heat equation is proven over R 3 \mathbb {R}^3 and over a bounded open convex set in R 3 \mathbb {R}^3 . The initial data is taken to lie in the Sobolev space of order one half, which is the critical Sobolev index for this equation over a three dimensional manifold. The existence is proven by solving first an augmented, strictly parabolic equation and then gauge transforming the solution to a solution of the Yang-Mills heat equation itself. The gauge functions needed to carry out this procedure lie in the critical gauge group of Sobolev regularity three halves, which is a complete topological group in a natural metric but is not a Hilbert Lie group. The nature of this group must be understood in order to carry out the reconstruction procedure. Solutions to the Yang-Mills heat equation are shown to be strong solutions modulo these gauge functions. Energy inequalities and Neumann domination inequalities are used to establish needed initial behavior properties of solutions to the augmented equation.

A biomimetic 3D airflow sensor made of an array of two piezoelectric metal-core fibers

Sensor Review ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixiang Bian ◽  
Can He ◽  
Kaixuan Sun ◽  
Longchao Dai ◽  
Hui Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Spherical Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Piezoceramic Cylinder ◽  
Metal Core ◽  
Content Type ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Airflow Sensor

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to design and fabricate a three-dimensional (3D) bionic airflow sensing array made of two multi-electrode piezoelectric metal-core fibers (MPMFs), inspired by the structure of a cricket’s highly sensitive airflow receptor (consisting of two cerci). Design/methodology/approach A metal core was positioned at the center of an MPMF and surrounded by a hollow piezoceramic cylinder. Four thin metal films were spray-coated symmetrically on the surface of the fiber that could be used as two pairs of sensor electrodes. Findings In 3D space, four output signals of the two MPMFs arrays can form three “8”-shaped spheres. Similarly, the sensing signals for the same airflow are located on a spherical surface. Originality/value Two MPMF arrays are sufficient to detect the speed and direction of airflow in all three dimensions.

Conflicts in adaptation: case studies from Nepal and the Maldives

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phu Doma Lama ◽  
Per Becker
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Content Type

Purpose Adaptation appears to be regarded as a panacea in policy circles to reduce the risk of impending crises resulting from contemporary changes, including but not restricted to climate change. Such conceptions can be problematic, generally assuming adaptation as an entirely positive and non-conflictual process. The purpose of this paper is to challenge such uncritical views, drawing attention to the conflictual nature of adaptation, and propose a theoretical framework facilitating the identification and analysis of conflicts in adaptation. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on case study research using first-hand narratives of adaptation in Nepal and the Maldives collected using qualitative interviews, participant observation and document analysis. Findings The findings identify conflicts between actors in, and around, communities that are adapting to changes. These conflicts can be categorized along three dimensions: qualitative differences in the type of conflict, the relative position of conflicting actors and the degree of manifestation of the conflict. Originality/value The three-dimensional Adaptation Conflict Framework facilitate analysis of conflicts in adaptation, allowing for a critical examination of subjectivities inherent in the adaptation discourses embedded in disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation research and policy. Such an inquiry is crucial for interventions supporting community adaptation to reduce disaster risk.

A MSFEM to simulate the eddy current problem in laminated iron cores in 3D

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1667-1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Hollaus
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Eddy Current ◽  
Eddy Currents ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Harmonic Balance Method ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Magnetic Vector Potential ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Element Method

Purpose The simulation of eddy currents in laminated iron cores by the finite element method (FEM) is of great interest in the design of electrical devices. Modeling each laminate by finite elements leads to extremely large nonlinear systems of equations impossible to solve with present computer resources reasonably. The purpose of this study is to show that the multiscale finite element method (MSFEM) overcomes this difficulty. Design/methodology/approach A new MSFEM approach for eddy currents of laminated nonlinear iron cores in three dimensions based on the magnetic vector potential is presented. How to construct the MSFEM approach in principal is shown. The MSFEM with the Biot–Savart field in the frequency domain, a higher-order approach, the time stepping method and with the harmonic balance method are introduced and studied. Findings Various simulations demonstrate the feasibility, efficiency and versatility of the new MSFEM. Originality/value The novel MSFEM solves true three-dimensional eddy current problems in laminated iron cores taking into account of the edge effect.

Health harm of work from the sustainable HRM perspective: scale development and validation

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 924-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sugumar Mariappanadar
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Study Item ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a health harm of work scale from the sustainable HRM perspective. Design/methodology/approach A three-dimensional model was proposed for the health harm of work scale and validated (Total n=527) using a five-part study (item generation, item reduction, convergent, construct and discriminant validity). Findings Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported that the three dimensions (restrictions for positive health, the risk factors for psychological health and the side effect harm of work) simultaneously tap into different aspects of the health harm of work construct. The results from the construct validity revealed that health harm of work as a phenomenon has manifested itself in different facets of health harm of work intensification. Finally, the discriminant validity study revealed that the overlap between the dimensions of the health harm of work scale and the dimensions of recovery experience from the work questionnaire is low and it provides support for the discriminant validity of dimensions between these two scales. Practical implications The proposed measure can be used as potential leading indicators for negative occupational health to prevent or delay the onset of work-related illness manifestation or health consequences (sick leave, absenteeism, presenteeism, etc.). Originality/value This is the first study to validate a measure of health harm of work and to provide tangible evidence of health harm of work which will subsequently trigger organizations to introduce a planned intervention to improve occupational well-being to promote sustainable HRM.

An outline for an integrated language-sensitive approach to global work and mobility: cross-fertilising expatriate and international business and management research

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 325-351
Author(s):  
Ivan Olav Vulchanov
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
International Business ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Language Management ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Integrated Research ◽  
Global Work ◽  
Business And Management

PurposeThe purpose of this conceptual literature review is to investigate how language factors have been studied in the expatriate literature, and how cross-fertilisation with the broader language-sensitive international business and management field may facilitate integrated research of language in global work.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on a thematic review of expatriate research and international business and management literature. The findings are structured through Reiche et al.'s (2019) three-dimensional conceptualisation of global work, after which two frameworks are developed to conceptualise how language connects the three dimensions – actors, structures and processes.FindingsThe literature review demonstrates that language-related topics are yet to gain status in the expatriate tradition, and the majority of studies, which do consider linguistic factors appear largely dissociated from the growing community of language research in the broader international management and international business fields. However, once consolidated, the literature reveals that language is present in all dimensions of global work. A processual view of corporate language management highlights the central role of human resource management (HRM), while a dynamic multi-level perspective indicates that language may form bidirectional relationships between the three dimensions of global work.Originality/valueDue to the segmentation between language-sensitive research in the expatriate and international business/management traditions, few studies have considered the HRM implications of global mobility and the multifaceted nature of language at work. This conceptual literature review brings both perspectives together for a more contextualised and holistic view of language in international workforces.

scholarly journals Well-Posedness of Strong Solutions to the Anelastic Equations of Stratified Viscous Flows

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Liu ◽  
Edriss S. Titi
Keyword(s):  
Initial Data ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Strong Solutions ◽  
Viscous Flows ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Physical Vacuum ◽  
Well Posedness ◽  
Small Initial Data ◽  
Anelastic Equations

Abstract We establish the local and global well-posedness of strong solutions to the two- and three-dimensional anelastic equations of stratified viscous flows. In this model, the interaction of the density profile with the velocity field is taken into account, and the density background profile is permitted to have physical vacuum singularity. The existing time of the solutions is infinite in two dimensions, with general initial data, and in three dimensions with small initial data.

An international and comparative study of perceived justice in Mexican, Puerto Rican and Spanish hospitals

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-264
Author(s):  
Juan C. Sosa Varela ◽  
Irma Magaña ◽  
Carmen Padin ◽  
Carmen Otero-Neira ◽  
Maria de los M. Santos Corrada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
International Study ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Service Encounters ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Perceived Justice ◽  
Service Failures

Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to test a construct of perceived justice and its dimensions in negative service encounters across Mexican, Puerto Rican and Spanish hospitals. Also to compare similarities and differences of perceived justice in negative service encounters in these countries. Design/methodology/approach – Includes Mexicans, Puerto Ricans and Spaniards who have experienced service failures at hospital settings. A descriptive research design was followed and a self-administered questionnaire was applied to gather the data from respondents. The researchers applied convenience sampling, and a pre-screening of respondents was included to verify that respondents were appropriate to participate in the study. A total number of 937 usable questionnaires were obtained from the hospital settings. Findings – The empirical findings across three Spanish-speaking countries indicate that the construct of perceived justice in negative service encounters consists of merely 15 items, divided into three dimensions, namely, distributional, interactional and procedural. Research limitations/implications – The empirical findings provide satisfactory validity and reliability across three countries, but there are acknowledged research limitations. These offer an opportunity for further research to verify or falsify the validity, reliability and generalization of the current findings. Practical implications – Service providers may use the three-dimensional construct of perceived justice as a guide when developing, implementing and managing processes and procedures of service failures in negative service encounters. Originality/value – The current international study in Mexico, Puerto Rico and Spain complements and fortifies previous research and existing theory of perceived justice in negative service encounters, and possible actions of complaint handling as well as service recovery.

Investigation of heat transfer in one-dimensional models of polymeric foams by using a ray-splitting and tracing technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar Chhabra ◽  
Prabal Talukdar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Radiative Transfer ◽  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Radiation Heat Transfer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Interface Condition ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Starting Point

Purpose This paper aims to develop a numerical model to investigate coupled conduction radiation heat transfer in a multilayer semi-transparent polymeric foam. Design/methodology/approach The model uses a multi-phase approach in which the radiative transfer is determined by solving the radiative transfer equation explicitly in the whole medium incorporating an interface condition valid in the geometric optics rgime. This is executed by using a combination of ray splitting and a discrete curved ray tracing technique. Both partial photon reflection and total internal reflection at the interface are considered in the present investigation. Findings The directional distribution of intensity within the whole medium can be determined, which is used to obtain the detailed temperature profile inside the domain. The performance of the proposed methodology has been tested by simulating the modelled foam at ambient conditions. The results obtained from the simulations are in good agreement with the published results and shows that there is a global non-linearity in the temperature profile in problems where conduction to radiation parameter is small. Originality/value Specular nature of radiative transfer at the interface is accounted for in the present analysis. Instead of working with direction integrated quantities (as in the case of P1 approximation), each bundle of rays is treated separately within the whole medium. This model serves as a starting point for a detailed spatially three dimensional study of heat transfer in foams and the mathematical nature of the formulation is such that it may result in an implementation to three-dimensions.

Design of fluid components using the topological optimization method

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1430-1448
Author(s):  
L.C. Ruspini ◽  
E. Dari ◽  
C. Padra ◽  
G.H. Paissan ◽  
N.N. Salva
Keyword(s):  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Topological Optimization ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present applications of the topological optimization method dealing with fluid dynamic problems in two- and three dimensions. The main goal is to develop a tool package able to optimize topology in realistic devices (e.g. inlet manifolds) considering the non-linear terms on Navier–Stokes equations. Design/methodology/approach Using an in-house Fortran code, a Galerkin stabilized finite element is implemented method to solve the three equation systems necessary for the topological optimization method: the direct problem, adjoint problem and topological derivative. The authors address the non-linearity in the equations using an iterative method. Different techniques to create holes into a two-dimensional discrete domain are analyzed. Findings One technique to create holes produces more accurate and robust results. The authors present several examples of applications in two- and three-dimensional components, which highlight the potential of this method in the optimization of fluid components. Research limitations/implications The authors contribute to the methodology and design in engineering. Practical implications Engineering fluid flow systems are used in many different industrial applications, e.g. oil flow in pipes; air flow around an airplane wing; sailing submarines; blood flow in synthetic arteries; and thermal and fissure spreading problems. The aim of this work is to create an effective design tool for obtaining efficient engineering structures and devices. Originality/value The authors contribute by creating an application of the method to design a tridimensional realistic device, which can be essayed experimentally. Particularly, the authors apply the design tool to an inlet manifold.

scholarly journals Towards a gender-aware understanding of innovation: a three-dimensional route

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Nählinder ◽  
Malin Tillmar ◽  
Caroline Wigren
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Innovation Studies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Gender Neutrality

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to discuss the theory of gender bias in innovation studies, to illustrate the gender bias of innovation studies by using empirical means and to suggest what is needed to reduce such bias. Previous studies on innovation have primarily focussed on male-dominated industries. These studies have been biased and hence unable to capture the range of innovations covered by theoretical definitions. Design/methodology/approach – An innovation survey was conducted among entrepreneurs in the traditionally “female-labelled” health-care industry, avoiding the “male-labelled” concept of innovation itself in the questionnaire. The authors endeavoured to ascertain whether there is a significant difference between males and females in terms of innovativeness. Quantitative analyses were used to analyse the results and draw comparisons with an ordinary innovation survey. Findings – Using a gender-aware operationalisation of innovation, no significant difference in innovativeness was found between men and women. This suggests that more attention is needed to correct the prevailing gender bias in innovation studies. A research model is presented to further understand the gender-biased operationalisations of innovation. Each of its three dimensions has a clear impact upon perceived innovativeness: the gender-label of the sector studied, the gender-neutrality of the operationalisation used in the study and the gender of the actors involved. All dimensions should be taken into account in future innovation studies that aim for gender neutrality. Practical implications – Operationalisations for measuring innovations are usually biased. Therefore, women appear less innovative, which, in turn, leads to less visibility. Originality/value – Gender perspectives are very seldom employed in innovation studies. In quantitative studies of this sort, it is even rarer. Our empirical evidence from the quantitative study shows the urgency of the need to broaden the concept both in academic, political and public debates. This is not the least for efficiency reasons in resource allocation and public policy.

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