Earnings Quality and Foreign Investors in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries

This study aims to measure the earnings quality (EQ) in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries using a sample of 1827 firm-year observations from 2008 to 2016 by using nine EQ measures. These measures are persistence, predictability, value relevance, earnings response coefficient (ERC), smoothness, earnings surprise, accrual quality, loss recognition timeliness and conservatism. The study also examines the effect of these nine EQ measures on attracting foreign investors. Data are collected from Capital IQ database, and some other data are calculated manually from the capital markets and firms in each country. In this quantitative research, the sample is analysed by using descriptive statistics, correlation, and generalized least squares (GLS) regression to verify the hypotheses and analyse the effect of EQ measures on attracting foreign investors. Findings show distinct effects on attracting foreign investors in different countries. Persistence, predictability, ERC, and accrual quality have a positive effect in Oman, whereas value relevance and ERC have a positive effect in Kuwait. Predictability, accrual quality, ERC, and conservatism negatively affect the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Finally, loss recognition timeliness, smoothness, and earnings surprise do not have any effect in all GCC countries.

The Affecting Factors of Audit Quality with Earnings Surprise Benchmark Approach as a Measure of Audit Quality

This research examines whether abnormal audit fee, client importance, public accounting firm industry (PAF) specialization, public accounting firm (PAF) reputation, audit delay may affect the audit quality of manufacturing companies. This research used a quantitative method as a basis for assessing audit quality using the earnings surprise benchmark method, which emphasizes the profits generated by the company. This research used 350 data panel samples from manufacturing companies that have been listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) throughout 2013-2019. Sampling using non-probability with purposive sampling technique, and to analyze the data, the researcher used logistic regression because the dependent variable in this research only consisted of two values. This research shows that abnormal audit fees affect negatively significant to audit quality, while client importance and public accounting firm industry specialization affects positively significant to the audit. However, public accounting firm reputation does not have a positive effect on audit quality, and audit delay does not negatively affect significantly on audit quality. This research is the first time to examine abnormal audit fees on audit quality using earning surprise benchmark calculation method. Results from this research are expected to be beneficial for policy determination and audit standard development by related regulations and research development on audit quality.

Pengaruh Rotasi Audit, Audit Tenure, Fee Audit, Dan Komite Audit Terhadap Kualitas Audit (Studi Pada Perusahaan Food And Beverage Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2014-2019)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalis pengaruh rotasi audit, audit tenure, fee audit, dan komite audit terhadap kualitas audit. Penelitan ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dalam bentuk laporan keuangan tahunan perusahaan. Pada penelitian ini, kualitas audit dihitung dengan menggunakan proksi earning suprise bencmark. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan food and beverage yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2014-2019. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode non probabilitas dengan teknik purosive sampling dan diperoleh 13 perusahaan sebagai sampel dengan 78 data amatan. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi logistik dengan menggunakan program Statistical Package For Social Sciences (SPSS) versi 20. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa fee audit berpengaruh positif terhadap kualitas audit. Sedangkan rotasi audit, audit tenure, dan komite audit tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas audit. This research aimed to analyze the effect of audit rotation, audit tenure, audit fee and audit committee on audit quality. This research is a quantitative type. The data source used is secondary data in the form of the company annual financial report. The earnings surprise benchmark used to measure audit quality. This study's population is all of the food and beverage companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2014-2019. The sampling technique used is non- probability sampling with purposive sampling technique and obtained 13 companies with 78 observational data. The data analysis method used is logistic regression analysis using Statistical Package For Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The result of this study indicates that the audit fee has a positive effect on audit quality. While audit rotation, audit tenure, and audit committee don't affect audit quality.

Earnings Surprises and Stock Price Reactions of Quoted Companies in Nigeria

This study focuses on examining the relationship between stock prices and earnings surprises in quoted companies of Nigeria. This study applied a longitudinal research design which studies the effect of earnings surprises on stock prices using panel data. A sample of 64 companies was chosen to study in all sectors of the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The research data were obtained from secondary sources of the annual reports for the selected companies covering the period from 2013 to 2017. The measurement for earnings surprises used in the study is the residual or unexplained component of earnings persistence model commonly referred to as first-order autoregressive AR (1) regression of reported earnings. Were, the data analysis was carried out by regression using the generalised least squares technique. The regression results for positive earnings surprise shows that share prices react negatively to positive surprises with a coefficient of (-2.4109) in tandem with the return news hypothesis which suggests that positive earnings news results in a negative stock-price reaction. The negative earnings surprise results show that stock prices react positively to negative earnings surprises with a positive coefficient of (0.1136). This is in line with the premise of return news, which indicates that negative earnings news leads to a positive reaction to the share price. The study recommends that there is a need to regulate the stock market to improve the level of market efficiency in stock markets. This will improve the rate at which earnings news will be reserved at stock prices. Secondly, there is a need to improve investor confidence in the disclosed profits made by companies.

Does earnings surprise determine the timing of the earnings announcement? Evidence from earnings announcements of Indian companies

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate whether the earnings surprise influences decision to make earnings announcements during or after the trading hours is influenced by the earnings surprise resulting from the difference between consensus earnings estimates and the actual reported earnings.Design/methodology/approachEvent study methodology was employed to test the hypotheses relating to earnings surprise and timing of earnings announcements. Twelve quarterly earnings announcements of 30 companies, drawn from BSE SENSEX of India, were studied to test the hypothesized relationships.FindingsThe study has found statistically significant differences in the market responses to the earnings announcements made during and after the trading hours. The market demonstrated a negative response to the earnings announcements made after the trading hours. Further, the results of the logistic regression have shown that the presence of significant earnings surprises is likely to induce firms to make earnings announcements after the trading hours. The results indicate that those firms that intend to reduce the overreaction and underreaction to earnings surprises are likely to make earnings announcements after the trading hours.Originality/valueThis paper highlights the market response to the earnings announcement made during and after the regular trading hour. Further, the paper examines if the earnings surprise influences the decision to announce the results.

Online investment forum and the market response around earnings announcement in the Chinese stock markets

Purpose This paper aims to study the following two questions. Do earnings announcements stimulate investors to participate in online discussions? Does online investment forum participation affect the market’s reaction to earnings news? Design/methodology/approach The authors collect all the online posts, which were related to the internet service companies and posted in a Chinese financial forum, guba.eastmoney.com (Guba), during the period between June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2015. Multiple linear regression analysis is used to test the questions. Findings The study finds that the earnings announcements induce online discussion. In addition, before the earnings announcement, online posting activity does not affect earnings response coefficient but can weaken the positive association between the magnitude of the upcoming earnings surprise and abnormal trading volume. In contrast, after the earnings announcement, online forum participation can facilitate the incorporation of earnings surprise into the price. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature studying the impact of social media on market reaction to earnings news by providing evidence that the price discovery process can be affected by the online investment forum. Several policy implications are also provided.

Analyst Contrarianism

We examine a specific form of what we term analyst contrarianism. We define contrarianism as cases where an analyst expresses a summary opinion contrary to the direction of a given earnings surprise or revision. Distinct from analyst optimism or boldness, we document that analysts interpret negative (positive) earnings news in a positive (negative) light in approximately 11–15 percent of reports. We conjecture that some analysts look for opportunities to make a contrarian stock call for their clients in order to gain visibility, recognition, and career advancement. Our empirical evidence, which is supported by analyst interviews and content analysis of analyst reports, shows that: (1) analysts at non-top-tier brokerage houses are more likely to make a contrarian call, (2) analyst reports that contain contrarian opinions are associated with greater market reactions, and (3) contrarian analysts are more likely to exhibit career advancement. JEL Classifications: G41; M41.

Short- and Long-Horizon Behavioral Factors

We propose a theoretically motivated factor model based on investor psychology and assess its ability to explain the cross-section of U.S. equity returns. Our factor model augments the market factor with two factors that capture long- and short-horizon mispricing. The long-horizon factor exploits the information in managers’ decisions to issue or repurchase equity in response to persistent mispricing. The short-horizon earnings surprise factor, which is motivated by investor inattention and evidence of short-horizon underreaction, captures short-horizon anomalies. This 3-factor risk-and-behavioral model outperforms other proposed models in explaining a broad range of return anomalies. (JEL G12, G14) Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.

Pengaruh Audit Tenure, Komite Audit Dan Audit Capacity Stress Terhadap Kualitas Audit

This study aims to determine the effect of the audit tenure, audit committee, and audit capacity stress on audit quality as measured by earnings surprise benchmark approach. The research used secondary data. The population was all manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period of 2015-2017. The data collection technique used is purposive sampling and 303 samples obtained data. The independent variables were audit tenure, audit committee, and audit capacity stress at the significance level of 5%. This study using logistic regression analysis techniques. The result of the research showed that audit tenure had no significant influence on audit quality with a significance level that is equal to 0.145, audit committee had no significant influence on audit quality a significance level that is equal to 0.652, and audit capacity stress had no significant influence on audit quality a significance level that is equal to 0.522 of the manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange