Industrial-scale distilling required superior transport access to grains and coal, as well as complementary industries such as machine shops, coppersmiths, coopers, lumberyards, stockyards, and slaughterhouses. By the last third of the nineteenthcentury, most of the state’s largest industrial centers were Ohio and Kentucky River cities: Maysville, Covington, Louisville, Owensboro, and Frankfort. City distilleries were located on low-lying river floodplains, and the surrounding streets and railroad tracks were hives of activity, with wagons and railcars delivering grains, barrel staves, and coal and hauling away spent grains and whiskey. Distillery employees often lived in neighborhoods adjacent to the clustered industrial works. Intact remnants of this landscape are rare today, but those that remain are part of the distilling industry’s heritage. Several distilling-related structures are on the National Register of Historic Places.