Determinants of the use of accounting systems in microenterprises: evidence from Chile

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to contribute to knowledge-building on microenterprises in emerging economies, by assessing the determinants that drive their use of accounting systems.Design/methodology/approachA probabilistic model was developed to determine the likelihood that a micro-firm would adopt an accounting registry system as a function of a series of contingencies and personal characteristics of their owners/managers. Data from the Microentrepreneurship Survey (EME), from the National Institute of Statistics of Chile for 2017 was used.FindingsThe findings suggest that access to external funds, the size and the use of technology strongly influence micro-firms' adoption of accounting systems.Research limitations/implicationsDespite the richness and scope of the data, direct measurements of entrepreneurial orientation and environmental uncertainty, both central variables of the contingency theory, were missing. Hence, duly justified proxies were applied. It is also likely that there would be other variables that also influence the probability of using accounting tools.Practical implicationsThe study contributes to a better understanding of microenterprises, and the factors that determine the use of accounting systems. The results highlight that public policies aimed at fostering microenterprises should facilitate access to technology and external funds. Consistent with previous studies, the authors’ findings highlight the importance of training owner/managers on issues related to their business.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to theory by arguably being the first study to confirm that contingency theory does explain the adoption of accounting systems in microenterprises in emerging countries.

Progress in the face of cuts: a qualitative Nigerian case study of maintaining progress towards universal health coverage after losing donor assistance

In the coming years, about a dozen middle-income countries are excepted to transition out of development assistance for health (DAH) based on their economic growth. This anticipated loss of external funds at a time when there is a need for accelerated progress towards universal health coverage (UHC) is a source of concern. Evaluating country readiness for transition towards country ownership of health programmes is a crucial step in making progress towards UHC. We used in-depth interviews to explore: (1) the preparedness of the Nigerian health system to transition out of DAH, (2) transition policies and strategies that are in place in Nigeria, (3) the road map for the implementation of these policies and (4) challenges and recommendations for making progress on such policies. We applied Vogus and Graff’s expanded transition readiness framework within the Nigerian context to synthesize preparedness plans, gaps, challenges and stakeholders’ recommendations for sustaining the gains of donor-funded programmes and reaching UHC. Some steps have been taken to integrate and institutionalize service delivery processes toward sustainable immunization and responsive primary healthcare in line with UHC. There are ongoing discussions on integrating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) services with other services and the possibility of covering HIV services under the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). We identified more transition preparedness plans within immunization programme compared with HIV programme. However, we identified gaps in all the nine components of the framework that must be filled to be able to sustain gains and make significant progress towards country ownership and UHC. Nigeria needs to focus on building the overall health system by identifying systematic gaps instead of continuing to invest in parallel programmes. Programmes need to be consolidated within the overall health system, health financing priorities and policies. A comprehensive and functional structure will provide continuity even in the event of decreasing external funds or donor exits.

Are Disasters Disastrous to Nonprofit Organizations? Investigating the Financial Implications of Hurricane Sandy for Nonprofits

Nonprofit organizations are sensitive to external disasters due to their high reliance on external funds and volunteers. In this study, I investigate how disasters affect the financial health of nonprofits and what factors make them more vulnerable within the context of disaster. The sample in this study includes nonprofits directly and indirectly affected by Hurricane Sandy. Using a logistic regression model, I explore if the disaster contributed to the likelihood of a nonprofit experiencing financial distress. Disaster, as an external shock, increases risks of nonprofits experiencing financial distress, especially for smaller nonprofits and nonprofits not relying on commercial revenue.

STRUKTUR MODAL PERUSAHAAN ROKOK DI INDONESIA

The company's funding policy is a policy regarding the use of funds both using funds from internal and external funds. This funding policy needs to be implemented by both public and private companies. Capital structure decision is very important for public companies, because it can directly affect the company's finances. This research was conducted at cigarette industry companies that listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. This study is to analyze the factors that can affect the capital structure of cigarette companies in Indonesia..

External Financing Dependence and Corporate Saving in ASEAN5

Using firm-level data on ASEAN5, this paper studies the differential effects of macro-financial and structural factors on corporate saving behavior through the lens of external financing dependence. The finding suggests that non-financial corporations in ASEAN5 have been subject to binding financial constraints over the past two decades. Greater capital account openness or exchange rate depreciation reduces the average saving rate of industries with low dependence on external funds, while it increases the saving rate of industries with high dependence on external funds. The effects are greater for export-oriented industries. An improvement in banking sector competition, banks’ lending efficiency, or policy clarity is associated with lower saving rate of firms across the board.

Determinants of Savings and Community Loans in Ngawi District, 2010 - 2018 A Macro Economic Approach

This study aims to analyze (1) the effect of income on community savings; (2) the effect of savings interest on community savings; (3) the effect of savings on community lending (4) the effect of loan interest on community lending; (5) the influence of external funds on community lending; (6) the right theory is applied in order to increase the receipt of savings and lending to the people of Ngawi Regency. This research is a type of quantitative research. The unit of analysis in this study is inter-time development data on the amount of savings and public loans, the determination of the interest rates for savings and loans on average per year, external funds, and income in Ngawi Regency during 2010-2018. Data analysis techniques using multiple linear regression in the form of log-linear. The results of the study found that: (1) Revenue did not have a real impact on the savings of the people of Ngawi Regency. (2) The determination of savings interest does not support the receipt of savings from the people of Ngawi Regency in BRI and Bank Jatim. (3) Savings can increase community loans in Ngawi Regency. (4) The policy for determining loan interest rates carried out at BRI and Bank Jatim is less able to have a real impact on the distribution of loans to the people of Ngawi Regency. (5) External funds are able to encourage the fulfillment of Ngawi Regency community loan disbursement. (7) Savings and less interest can be used to increase the savings and loans of the people of Ngawi Regency. This shows that the right theory applied to increase the receipt of savings and lending Ngawi Regency is Keynes's theory

Armenia and Georgia need external funds for crisis

Significance Commodity exports have been hit in both countries, the Georgian tourism sector has become a source of weakness, and Armenia is exposed to Russia because of trade and labour migration. Impacts The COVID-19 crisis will create demand for higher health spending in future budgets. The fiscal response will lead to higher public debt levels in Georgia and Armenia. Azerbaijan faces the additional shock of low oil revenues but is planning similar welfare and business support packages.

Grants: The Good, the Bad, the Ugly, and the Puzzling

Grants play a major role in higher education, including kinesiology. However, critical commentaries on the role of external funds appear nonexistent in kinesiology. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to outline the most common criticisms of grants to stimulate a conversation in kinesiology. First, I discuss benefits of grants. Second, I examine the role of grants in higher education. Third, I discuss how external funds are not required to contribute meaningful research. Fourth, I examine how a major reason for grants, to produce research publications, often goes unfullfilled. Fifth, I show how the development of grant applications (especially unsuccessful applications) is an inefficient expenditure of resources. Sixth, I discuss how pursuing grants can be detrimental to other important academy goals. Seventh, I examine how grants may negatively influence faculty and administrator morale and quality of life. Eighth, I report on some common criticisms of the grant review process and discuss some alternative reviewing systems. Finally, I end with a brief summary and some recommendations.