new brutalism
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2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sebastian Clarke

<p>In 1960s New Zealand, Duncan Winder (1919-1970) transitioned from architect to architectural photographer. With his architectural eye, Winder produced distinctive and seminal images of New Zealand post-war architecture and these images have an enduring relevance today. Despite this significant contribution to local architectural culture, contemporary knowledge of Winder’s legacy and output has remained limited.   This research sought to raise awareness of his life and work. To contextualise Winder’s work, a framework for image analysis was developed which drew on the visual languages of two architectural movements which were prominent during Winder’s period of practice, Townscape and New Brutalism. In addition, a visual survey of New Zealand architectural photography from 1930 to 1970 was undertaken. This enabled contextualisation of Winder’s photography with the work of other local photographers operating at the time. From the analysis, it is clear that Winder’s photography shows aspects of both Townscape and New Brutalism, in terms of its compositional approach. This is not only interesting for the fact that these movements have historically been seen as oppositional, but because it exposes some of the ways in which their visual languages were related. The analysis also highlighted the 1960s as a particularly healthy decade for the production of New Zealand architectural photography. This was demonstrated through the progressive improvement in the quality of published architectural photography and the increase in number of architectural photographers practicing locally.   It is positive that in recent years Winder’s archive of photographs has been digitised and made publicly accessible, and that digitisation has enabled this research to provide original and thorough commentary on Winder’s photography. The research has identified distinctive and memorable qualities of Winder’s style, including his compositional use of thirds, his off-centre perspectives, and his attentiveness to tone and materiality. In this way, the research has provided appropriate ways to understand and value Winder’s photography, and appreciate his significant contribution to New Zealand’s architectural culture and history.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sebastian Clarke

<p>In 1960s New Zealand, Duncan Winder (1919-1970) transitioned from architect to architectural photographer. With his architectural eye, Winder produced distinctive and seminal images of New Zealand post-war architecture and these images have an enduring relevance today. Despite this significant contribution to local architectural culture, contemporary knowledge of Winder’s legacy and output has remained limited.   This research sought to raise awareness of his life and work. To contextualise Winder’s work, a framework for image analysis was developed which drew on the visual languages of two architectural movements which were prominent during Winder’s period of practice, Townscape and New Brutalism. In addition, a visual survey of New Zealand architectural photography from 1930 to 1970 was undertaken. This enabled contextualisation of Winder’s photography with the work of other local photographers operating at the time. From the analysis, it is clear that Winder’s photography shows aspects of both Townscape and New Brutalism, in terms of its compositional approach. This is not only interesting for the fact that these movements have historically been seen as oppositional, but because it exposes some of the ways in which their visual languages were related. The analysis also highlighted the 1960s as a particularly healthy decade for the production of New Zealand architectural photography. This was demonstrated through the progressive improvement in the quality of published architectural photography and the increase in number of architectural photographers practicing locally.   It is positive that in recent years Winder’s archive of photographs has been digitised and made publicly accessible, and that digitisation has enabled this research to provide original and thorough commentary on Winder’s photography. The research has identified distinctive and memorable qualities of Winder’s style, including his compositional use of thirds, his off-centre perspectives, and his attentiveness to tone and materiality. In this way, the research has provided appropriate ways to understand and value Winder’s photography, and appreciate his significant contribution to New Zealand’s architectural culture and history.</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 2997-3013
Author(s):  
Tiago Lopes Dias

O argumento do presente texto defende que o “Novo Brutalismo”, sendo indiscutivelmente um debate arquitetónico de origem britânica, era movido por um princípio universal: a adesão intelectual aos problemas do seu tempo. A luta contra o academicismo e o historicismo, a aceitação da realidade e das diferentes formas de cada cultura construir o seu habitat, e a crescente importância atribuída aos utilizadores da arquitetura, constituem pontos essenciais para a revisão dos modelos arquitetónicos levada a cabo no pós-guerra. Estes princípios despertam o interesse de uma nova geração de arquitetos portugueses cada vez mais crítica e atenta ao debate internacional, que os assimila por coincidência de interesses, mais do que por conexão ou influência direta. A metodologia adotada passa por recuperar alguns argumentos dos textos de 1955 e de 1966 do crítico Reyner Banham, o principal ideólogo do Novo Brutalismo, com particular incidência nas propostas dos arquitetos Alison e Peter Smithson e o seu papel no grupo Team 10. Após se introduzirem as origens e o contexto do debate, esboça-se o panorama da situação portuguesa nesses anos, com especial incidência na difusão da “novíssima” geração de arquitetos (sensivelmente, os nascidos entre finais de 1920 e inícios de 1930) por iniciativa da revista Arquitectura. Finalmente, apresentam-se os argumentos de dois representantes dessa geração —Nuno Portas e Pedro Vieira de Almeida— cuja relação com o brutalismo não reside em questões estéticas, de forma ou de tratamento das superfícies, mas sim em questões éticas, ou seja, de compromisso com a “utilidade social da arquitetura”. Num primeiro momento, expõe-se um debate em torno à habitação coletiva centrado em métodos e posições críticas, que se complementa num segundo momento com uma breve abordagem a uma obra de arquitetura na qual ambos têm responsabilidade. The argument of the present text argues that the "New Brutalism", being arguably an architectural debate of British origin, was driven by a universal principle: the intellectual adherence to the problems of its time. The struggle against academicism and historicism, the acceptance of reality and the different ways each culture builds its habitat, and the growing importance given to the users of architecture, are essential points for the post-war revision of architectural models. These principles have awakened the interest of a new generation of Portuguese architects that is increasingly critical and attentive to the international debate, assimilating them through coincidence of interests, rather than through direct connection or influence. The methodology adopted involves recovering some arguments from the 1955 and 1966 texts of the critic Reyner Banham, the main ideologue of New Brutalism, with particular focus on the proposals of the architects Alison and Peter Smithson and their role in the Team 10 group. After introducing the origins and context of the debate, the panorama of the Portuguese situation in those years is outlined, with special focus on the diffusion of the "brand new" generation of architects (roughly those born between the late 1920s and early 1930s) through the initiative of the magazine Arquitectura. Finally, we present the arguments of two representatives of this generation -Nuno Portas and Pedro Vieira de Almeida- whose relationship with brutalism does not lie in aesthetic questions, of form or surface treatment, but in ethical questions, i.e., their commitment to the "social utility of architecture. In a first moment, a debate around collective housing centered on methods and critical positions is exposed, which is complemented in a second moment with a brief approach to a work of architecture in which both have responsibility.  


2021 ◽  
pp. 105971232110001
Author(s):  
Dirk van den Heuvel

The text presents a discussion of possible connections between the ideas of Erik Rietveld and concepts of relationality and materiality in modern architecture, with a special focus on Dutch Structuralism and the New Brutalism.


ZARCH ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 50-61
Author(s):  
Carlos Montes Serrano ◽  
Víctor Lafuente Sánchez ◽  
Daniel López Bragado

La exposición Festival of Britain de Londres de 1951 ocupa un destacado lugar en la historia de la arquitectura inglesa de la postguerra por ser el punto de arranque de la recuperación urbana del South Bank de Londres. Tuvo un gran apoyo y protagonismo en The Architectural Review, que publicó varios artículos y un número monográfico con el fin de mostrar como el master plan de la exposición se ajustaba a los ideales del Visual Planning y del Townscape que la revista venía difundiendo desde hacía unos años. Pero también fue criticada por un grupo de jóvenes arquitectos liderados por Reyner Banham que como reacción propondrían una arquitectura alternativa que fue denominada como el New Brutalism.


Author(s):  
Hisham Abusaada

This paper examines the nature of the relationship between ethics and architecture. This complicated state of affairs—in professional practice and architectural design—is evaluated based on a bibliographical review of the visions of some Arab and Western thinkers. This review passes through the analysis of three intellectual movements: modernism, postmodernism, and the new brutalism. A series of questions arises: How is it determined whether any of these principles are moral or immoral? Does a specific principle override other beliefs? Who decides that any building is ethical or unethical? This article shows that some conclusions can be drawn from human values to act as a guide for creating a superior design but not for a “stately” design. Critically, it emerges that there is no so-called ethical architecture, but rather, ethics is always related to professional practice. This means that the construction of a building is governed by ideas and design criteria while professional practice is guided by ethical /moral principles.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-290
Author(s):  
Juliana Kei
Keyword(s):  

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-472
Author(s):  
Peter Šenk

Architecture of minimum dwellings has been a hot topic recently. When minimum dwellings are compact, well-equipped, connected to the network, structurally, functionally and visually recognized as one thing, temporary and mobile or transportable, they may be designated as capsule architecture. Temporary by nature, these small dwellings, shelters, redesigned container units, special technological structures, parasites and other manifestations of the capsules concept encompass the logic of technological facilities with a distinct architectural expression. At the same time, it is a manifestation of the rule of sustainable design, sustainable architecture and sustainability in general. In this context, the case of small dwellings shows its difference as opposed to other sustainable architecture approaches and aesthetics. It subverts the generally sustainable approaches with exposed importance of locality within the global forces, usually relying on context - location, local culture and environmental characteristics, etc. The aesthetic regime of temporary, changeable, a-contextual and autonomous architectural structures can be regarded as an aesthetics of otherness, which relates them to the legacy of the Modern movement's existenzminimum experiments, the New Brutalism, radical experiments of the 1960s and other avantgarde and NEO-avantgarde practices of the twentieth century, but firmly placed in the context of individualized, indeterminate, dispersed and ambiguous contemporaneity.


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