The Silence of Compliance: Child Soldier Trauma Narratives in Contemporary African War Novels

The victimhood of child soldiers is without any argument, a fact. In many wars, the illegitimate conscription of children under the age of eighteen has resulted in severe repercussions in the mental health of the child soldiers even after the war. Child soldier trauma depicted through many literary artifacts shows the intensity and gravity of the situation. The novels by Uzodinma Iweala, Chris Abani, and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie viz Beasts of No Nation, Song for Night and Half of a Yellow Sun address the issue of child soldier conscription, the resultant trauma, and the slim chances of the betterment of the children even after the war is over. The paper moves toward acknowledging the victimhood of these children but at the same raising concerns about the agency of the trauma. The role of the child soldiers as perpetrators beyond their status of being victims and the necessity to provide proper psychosocio care to avert trauma and impending disorder in the society. A new approach concerning the grey area of in-betweenness in the victim/victimiser binary is needed while analysing desperate times like that of the Biafran civil war.

Postgraduate Supervision: A Heuristic Approach to Learning, Unlearning, and Relearning

Since postgraduate supervision remains a grey area for many academics following several hydra perspectives and interpretations, the paper examines how postgraduate supervision is an approach to learning, unlearning, and relearning. The study is entrenched within James and Baldwin’s framework on good practice in postgraduate supervision to discuss what the concept should entail from the viewpoint of the researcher, while there is also a constant recourse to relevant literature. The paper addresses the fuzzy nature of supervision through an autoethnographic research. It discusses how supervision at the postgraduate level should not merely involve guiding a student to graduation, but an avenue for the supervisor to also learn, unlearn, and relearn academic concepts, methods, and approaches. The study contends that postgraduate supervision should not only be a stage for building new knowledge through postgraduate students’ research, but it should also be a stage for knowledge improvement, knowledge advancement, knowledge re-evaluation, knowledge cross-pollination, and knowledge transfer. It is in so doing that the learning, unlearning, and relearning nature of postgraduate supervision can indeed come to fruition. Keywords: Autoethnography, Knowledge, Learning, Postgraduate, Supervision

Exploring Performance Management of Volunteers in Non-Profit Organisations in New Zealand’s Human Service Sector

<p>Many non-profit organisations (NPOs) are highly dependent on volunteers to achieve their mission, and while volunteers tend to be motivated by altruistic reasons, performance management (PM) likely plays a key role in facilitating their commitment and directing their efforts to achieving their goals and the organisation’s mission. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the PM process as applied to volunteers in an NPO in New Zealand. Moreover, the similarities and differences between PM practices used for employees and volunteers are examined. Extant non-profit research has focused on individual management practices, but largely ignored the holistic PM process, whereas existing for-profit literature has concentrated on performance appraisals and evaluations, rather than PM. This study contributes to the limited research on PM processes by drawing together research from both sectors to develop an updated PM process model which is based on current PM trends and includes the steps goal-setting, feedback, training/development, and rewards/recognition. Due to the dearth in research on volunteer PM, a qualitative approach was deemed appropriate for this study to gain a deeper understanding of contextual factors and the research problem. A single case study was chosen to collect rich and in-depth data about the perceptions and experiences of managers and volunteers regarding PM. The New Zealand Cancer Society’s Otago Southland Division (OSD) was selected as case study organisation and 19 semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten managers and nine volunteers. The interviews were held in late 2016 in four locations, the Cancer Society’s national office in Wellington and the OSD’s three main offices, Dunedin, Invercargill, and Queenstown. The findings show that managers and volunteers struggle with the concept of PM in relation to volunteers because of its poor reputation and perceived unsuitability due to the special characteristics of volunteering. The individual practices, however, generated interest among participants as most practices are already used for volunteers in the OSD, albeit in an informal, ad-hoc manner and under the designation ‘volunteer management’. The interviews revealed a pattern of accepted (rewards/recognition), unaccepted (goal-setting) practices and a “grey area” of practices which allow for further development (feedback, training/development). Volunteers’ motivation and the frequency of use of the practices in the OSD influence if participants perceived them as accepted, unaccepted or as practices with potential (grey area). Based on the outcomes of this study, the updated PM process model was adapted to reflect the OSD’s PM practices for volunteers. Some inconsistencies in the participants’ perceptions and experiences of PM and a lack of clear volunteer PM procedures were detected. The findings revealed that managers are reluctant to formalise the management practices for volunteers out of fear of losing them and, thus, hide certain practices behind social events which blurs the boundaries between the practices. The findings, therefore, suggest that PM is a valuable concept for the management of volunteers in NPOs, but that a semantic problem exists which prevents the further engagement with PM. Resulting implications are proposed which include a terminology change of PM in NPOs to conceal the managerial character of this concept.</p>

Exploring Performance Management of Volunteers in Non-Profit Organisations in New Zealand’s Human Service Sector

<p>Many non-profit organisations (NPOs) are highly dependent on volunteers to achieve their mission, and while volunteers tend to be motivated by altruistic reasons, performance management (PM) likely plays a key role in facilitating their commitment and directing their efforts to achieving their goals and the organisation’s mission. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the PM process as applied to volunteers in an NPO in New Zealand. Moreover, the similarities and differences between PM practices used for employees and volunteers are examined. Extant non-profit research has focused on individual management practices, but largely ignored the holistic PM process, whereas existing for-profit literature has concentrated on performance appraisals and evaluations, rather than PM. This study contributes to the limited research on PM processes by drawing together research from both sectors to develop an updated PM process model which is based on current PM trends and includes the steps goal-setting, feedback, training/development, and rewards/recognition. Due to the dearth in research on volunteer PM, a qualitative approach was deemed appropriate for this study to gain a deeper understanding of contextual factors and the research problem. A single case study was chosen to collect rich and in-depth data about the perceptions and experiences of managers and volunteers regarding PM. The New Zealand Cancer Society’s Otago Southland Division (OSD) was selected as case study organisation and 19 semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten managers and nine volunteers. The interviews were held in late 2016 in four locations, the Cancer Society’s national office in Wellington and the OSD’s three main offices, Dunedin, Invercargill, and Queenstown. The findings show that managers and volunteers struggle with the concept of PM in relation to volunteers because of its poor reputation and perceived unsuitability due to the special characteristics of volunteering. The individual practices, however, generated interest among participants as most practices are already used for volunteers in the OSD, albeit in an informal, ad-hoc manner and under the designation ‘volunteer management’. The interviews revealed a pattern of accepted (rewards/recognition), unaccepted (goal-setting) practices and a “grey area” of practices which allow for further development (feedback, training/development). Volunteers’ motivation and the frequency of use of the practices in the OSD influence if participants perceived them as accepted, unaccepted or as practices with potential (grey area). Based on the outcomes of this study, the updated PM process model was adapted to reflect the OSD’s PM practices for volunteers. Some inconsistencies in the participants’ perceptions and experiences of PM and a lack of clear volunteer PM procedures were detected. The findings revealed that managers are reluctant to formalise the management practices for volunteers out of fear of losing them and, thus, hide certain practices behind social events which blurs the boundaries between the practices. The findings, therefore, suggest that PM is a valuable concept for the management of volunteers in NPOs, but that a semantic problem exists which prevents the further engagement with PM. Resulting implications are proposed which include a terminology change of PM in NPOs to conceal the managerial character of this concept.</p>

Working in Complexity and Doubt

This chapter studies how, when we are faced with complexity and doubt, we can make decisions about health that align with the approach of the Cherokee Nation and avoid some of the mistakes made by other leadership teams during COVID-19. Working in complexity and doubt requires, above all, balance. On one hand, we must be able to identify what we do know and respect the science enough to integrate this information into the choices we make. On the other hand, we must appreciate the limits of our understanding while not being paralyzed by them. It is important to cultivate a comfort with ambiguity and doubt, so we can position ourselves to make decisions that support health. Operating in a grey area between knowledge and ignorance is, in many ways, a common practice in science and public health. The chapter then raises the issue of cancel culture, polarization, and political groupthink, arguing that they reflect something core to the collective relationship to ambiguity, doubt, and complexity. They suggest how uncomfortable many of us are with these fundamental elements of life.

Analisis Kasus Pada Standar Praktik Keperawatan

banyak perawat yang membuka praktik di luar kewenangannya.Tidak sedikit perawat yang membuka praktik keperawatan mandiri bukan asuhankeperawatan yang dilakukan melainkan pelayanan medis yang dilakukan tanpa izindari pihak medis, dalam hal ini dokter. Idealnya, secara hukum tindakan medisadalah wewenang dan harus dilakukan oleh dokter. Namun fakta yang terjadi disarana pelayanan kesehatan seperti rumah sakit adalah kebanyakan tindakan medisbersifat diagnostik dan terapi dilakukan oleh perawat seperti pemasangan infuse,injeksi, heacting, anestesi local, pengambilan sampel darah dan lain-lain yangbersifat invasif. Hingga kini masih ada grey area , dimana ada suatu wilayah yangmerupakan area medis tapi dilakukan oleh perawat di rumah sakit. Banyak perawatyang mendapat pendelegasian tugas dokter yang sesungguhnya bukan tugas asuhankeperawatan.

Compensatory Mechanism for Miscarriage of Justice in Cases of Prolonged Delay: The Case of India

There have been several studies on the issue of justice delayed, but no rigid step has been taken in lieu of the victims who suffer as a result of such dawdling processes. Despite the existence of a vast number of provisions in our current legal system, current legal remedies do tend to create an ex gratia obligation but not a statutory obligation for the state to compensate the victims of miscarriage of justice. There is a persistent need for an explicit and detailed law on this subject. The idea underlying this research is to portray the need for a rigid compensatory mechanism for prolonged delays in judicial processes and decisions. Thereby construing a need for strong legislative action towards this issue and reflect upon the grey area in Indian Legal Framework.