Compliance Evaluation and Sustainable Resource Management in the CCAMLR

Regional fisheries organisations globally are feeling the impacts of non-compliant behaviour by both contracting and non-contracting parties. Non-compliance arising from activities such as illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, or failures by flag states to appropriately report the activities of their vessels, has resulted in damage to the environment and damage to the performance of regional fisheries management organisations themselves. As a result, many of these organisations are adopting and implementing a relatively new mechanism to tackle non-compliance: the compliance evaluation procedure. This article demonstrates that by adopting a compliance evaluation procedure, regional fisheries organisations are better placed to identify and address non-compliance in an effort to improve compliance with their conservation measures. It analyses in detail the procedure adopted by one particular organisation, the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), to suggest that implementation of their procedure has improved transparency, accountability and enforcement. It is argued that the CCAMLR compliance evaluation procedure represents a model for other polar and high seas areas to promote sustainable, and responsible, fishing practices globally.

Finding the ‘Conservation’ in the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources

The Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) was adopted in the 1980s amid concerns of a growth in unregulated fishing in the region. The Convention’s objective – ‘the conservation of Antarctic marine living resources’ – reflects the negotiators’ intention for CCAMLR’s responsibilities to extend beyond fisheries responsibilities to the conservation of all species and marine ecosystems in the Convention’s area. The intention of CCAMLR’s objective has generated significant debate throughout CCAMLR’s 39 years of operation, and there appears to be no common agreed understanding. A review of management measures adopted by the Commission is one method for considering how the Commission has approached delivering its objective. This paper reviews management measures in force from 1982 to 2019 and concludes that, while CCAMLR has made significant advances regarding the delivery of ecosystem-based and precautionary fisheries management, it has generated significantly fewer management measures that might stand independently of fisheries management or extend to species or habitats not directly impacted by fishing operations.

DIPLOMASI MARITIM INDONESIA DI IORA PADA KASUS ILLEGAL, UNREPORTED, DAN UNREGULATED FISHING

Maritime sovereignty is an integral part of the Indonesia�s foreign policy, historically in the era of Nusantara, many competitions to conquer maritime territory was even tangible from the era of Majapahit and Sriwijaya kingdom during their ruling. With the notion of Indonesia as the world�s maritime axis, Indonesia�s diplomacy is defined clearly by the manifestation of efforts either in bilateral, regional, and multilateral. This article discussed on how Indonesia�s diplomacy through IORA cooperation is done to overcome the issue of IUU fishing during the presidency of Joko Widodo from 2015 until 2020. Indonesia�s IORA Chairmanship from 2015-2017 has rejuvenate Jakarta�s maritime diplomacy. Indonesia�s diplomacy depicted that Indonesia is beyond thatn norm-setting but also to the level where Indonesia assert their identity as a sovereign maritime axis amid the challenges and modernization that made non-traditional security as one of the core of contemporary diplomacy.

EFFECTIVITY OF ILLEGAL, UNREPORTED, UNREGULATED FISHING (IUUF) ERADICATION PROGRAM TOWARD LEGAL, REPORTED, REGULATED FISHING (LRRF)

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas kinerja implementasi pemberantasan Illegal, Unreported, Unregulated Fishing (IUUF) menuju Legal, Reported, Regulated Fishing (LRRF) di Indonesia. Potensi sumber daya ikan sebesar 1.772 triliun terancam musnah dengan masifnya IUUF. Pemberantasan IUUF telah dilaksanakan secara intensif mulai dari tahun 2015. Akan tetapi, IUUF masih masif di wilayah pengelolaan perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan studi literatur, temuan data-data sekunder, wawancara dilakukan dengan snowball kepada narasumber dan informan pemilik otoritas dan praktisi yang terkait dengan praktek pemberantasan IUUF. Hasil penelitian pemberantasan IUUF melalui pemberian sanksi penenggelaman efektif membuat terapi kejut tapi tidak menimbulkan efek jera, internalisasi penyadartahuan kepada nelayan dan pelaku usaha, penguatan sarana dan prasarana pengawasan, dan penguatan peran Indonesia di Kawasan ASEAN diprediksi efektif dalam mengatasi IUUF menjadi LRRF. Kata kunci: Efektivitas, IUUF, LRRF

The Role of Port States in Safeguarding Maritime Security and Protecting the Marine Environment

This paper will examine the potential of port states in combating marine accidents; illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, as well as ship-sourced pollution first. Then conclude that port states actively take measures to protect maritime security in accordance with the jurisdiction conferred by a number of international conventions and regional memoranda of understanding (MOUs). These enforcement measures are not only benefiting its national interests but also contributes to the whole international community and the sustainable marine development.