Finding the ‘Conservation’ in the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-155
Author(s):  
Lynda Goldsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Antarctic Marine ◽  
Unregulated Fishing

The Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) was adopted in the 1980s amid concerns of a growth in unregulated fishing in the region. The Convention’s objective – ‘the conservation of Antarctic marine living resources’ – reflects the negotiators’ intention for CCAMLR’s responsibilities to extend beyond fisheries responsibilities to the conservation of all species and marine ecosystems in the Convention’s area. The intention of CCAMLR’s objective has generated significant debate throughout CCAMLR’s 39 years of operation, and there appears to be no common agreed understanding. A review of management measures adopted by the Commission is one method for considering how the Commission has approached delivering its objective. This paper reviews management measures in force from 1982 to 2019 and concludes that, while CCAMLR has made significant advances regarding the delivery of ecosystem-based and precautionary fisheries management, it has generated significantly fewer management measures that might stand independently of fisheries management or extend to species or habitats not directly impacted by fishing operations.

Compliance Evaluation and Sustainable Resource Management in the CCAMLR

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-171
Author(s):  
Denzil Miller ◽  
Elise Murray
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Evaluation Procedure ◽  
Sustainable Resource Management ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Antarctic Marine ◽  
Improve Compliance ◽  
Unregulated Fishing ◽  
Fishing Practices ◽  
Regional Fisheries Management

Regional fisheries organisations globally are feeling the impacts of non-compliant behaviour by both contracting and non-contracting parties. Non-compliance arising from activities such as illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, or failures by flag states to appropriately report the activities of their vessels, has resulted in damage to the environment and damage to the performance of regional fisheries management organisations themselves. As a result, many of these organisations are adopting and implementing a relatively new mechanism to tackle non-compliance: the compliance evaluation procedure. This article demonstrates that by adopting a compliance evaluation procedure, regional fisheries organisations are better placed to identify and address non-compliance in an effort to improve compliance with their conservation measures. It analyses in detail the procedure adopted by one particular organisation, the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), to suggest that implementation of their procedure has improved transparency, accountability and enforcement. It is argued that the CCAMLR compliance evaluation procedure represents a model for other polar and high seas areas to promote sustainable, and responsible, fishing practices globally.

scholarly journals Hexachlorocyclohexanes in Arctic and Antarctic Marine Ecosystems

10.5772/14092 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Cincinelli ◽  
Tania Martellini ◽  
Simonetta Corsolini
Keyword(s):  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Antarctic Marine

Subantarctic and Antarctic Marine Ecosystems: outlining patterns and processes in a changing ocean

2019 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
J.L. Iriarte ◽  
I. Gómez ◽  
H.E. González ◽  
L. Nahuelhual ◽  
J.M. Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Antarctic Marine ◽  
Patterns And Processes

CCAMLR’s precautionary approach to management focusing on Ross Sea toothfish fishery

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Hanchet ◽  
Keith Sainsbury ◽  
Doug Butterworth ◽  
Chris Darby ◽  
Viacheslav Bizikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Precautionary Approach ◽  
Adaptive Feedback ◽  
Stock Biomass ◽  
Stock Assessments ◽  
Antarctic Marine ◽  
Spawning Stock

AbstractSeveral recent papers have criticized the scientific robustness of the fisheries management system used by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), including that for Ross Sea toothfish. Here we present a response from the wider CCAMLR community to address concerns and to correct some apparent misconceptions about how CCAMLR acts to promote conservation whilst allowing safe exploitation in all of its fisheries. A key aspect of CCAMLR’s approach is its adaptive feedback nature; regular monitoring and analysis allows for adjustments to be made, as necessary, to provide a robust management system despite the statistical uncertainties inherent in any single assessment. Within the Ross Sea, application of CCAMLR’s precautionary approach has allowed the toothfish fishery to develop in a steady fashion with an associated accumulation of data and greater scientific understanding. Regular stock assessments of the fishery have been carried out since 2005, and the 2013 stock assessment estimated current spawning stock biomass to be at 75% of the pre-exploitation level. There will always be additional uncertainties which need to be addressed, but where information is lacking the CCAMLR approach to management ensures exploitation rates are at a level commensurate with a precautionary approach.

scholarly journals Fishermen's local ecological knowledge on Southeastern Brazilian coastal fishes: contributions to research, conservation, and management

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato A. M. Silvano ◽  
Alpina Begossi
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Local Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Rock Formations ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
And Migration

We analyzed fishermen's local ecological knowledge (LEK) about the feeding habits, trophic interactions, habitats, fishing grounds, migration, and reproduction of nine coastal fishes in Búzios Island, southeastern Brazilian coast. We interviewed 39 fishermen using standardized questionnaires. Fishermen's LEK on habitat use and trophic interactions for the studied fishes agreed with the scientific literature, allowing the organization of reef and pelagic food webs. The interviewed fishermen mentioned that submerged rock formations would be important habitats for some large commercial fishes, such as Seriola spp., Caranx latus and Epinephelus marginatus. In some instances there was no scientific data to be compared with fishermen's LEK, and thus this kind of knowledge would be the only available source of information, such as for reproduction and migration of most of the studied fishes. We suggest herein ways to apply fishermen's LEK to develop and improve fisheries management measures, such as zoning of marine space, marine protected areas, and closed fishing seasons. Fishermen's LEK may be an important and feasible support to fisheries management and co-management.

Managing Antarctic Marine Living Resources: The CCAMLR Approach

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denzil Miller ◽  
Eugene Sabourenkov ◽  
David Ramm
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Precautionary Approach ◽  
Iuu Fishing ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Antarctic Marine ◽  
Fisheries Conservation ◽  
Longline Fisheries ◽  
Conservation And Management

AbstractThis paper documents the experiences of the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) in developing, and implementing, its fisheries conservation and management measures. Examples are given to show how the provisions of Article II of the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CAMLR Convention) have been applied in practice. Generally, these provisions strive for an ecosystem-based and precautionary approach to the management of harvested and non-harvested species. Emphasis is given to the development of management measures to deal with: (a) uncertainty associated with new and exploratory fisheries, (b) reduction and elimination (i.e.minimisation) of seabird bycatch in longline fisheries, (c) trade-related measures to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing on CCAMLR species, and (d) general environmental protection. CCAMLR's achievements are evaluated, potential threats to its future effectiveness are identified and some possible counteractions are offered.

scholarly journals The Importance of Values in Predicting and Encouraging Environmental Behavior: Reflections From a Costa Rican Small-Scale Fishery

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Sánchez-Jiménez ◽  
Douglas MacMillan ◽  
Matthias Wolff ◽  
Achim Schlüter ◽  
Marie Fujitani
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Environmental Behavior ◽  
Ecosystem Modeling ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Management Measures

Encouraging people’s pro-environmental behaviors is an objective of Education for Sustainable Development. In the context of small-scale fisheries, unsustainable fishing practices are compromising the integrity of coastal communities and ecosystems. Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) is an ecosystem modeling software that presents interactions/changes in the food web as a result of fishing. Despite the multiple applications of EwE in fisheries management, it is unknown from a quantitative perspective whether the application of EwE trophic modeling in environmental education processes and management produces effects on norms and ecological beliefs, and if it alters behavioral intentions of the participants receiving ecosystem modeling information. We conducted a behavior change intervention with gillnet fishers in the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica, to compare antecedents of pro-environmental behavior between participants who received an ecosystem-based intervention (lectures containing EwE models; treatment) and those who received lectures that didn’t involve EwE (control). Based on theories of environmental psychology, we used a pre–post survey design, to evaluate changes between control/treatment, and to assess the influence of psychometric constructs and fishing characteristics on the behavioral intentions to support sustainable fishing measures and owning a fishing license (revealed behavior). Personal norms and values were significant at explaining management measures’ support, along with some fishing characteristics (e.g., fishing site). Deliberating about possible future scenarios (via EwE-modeling) helped reduce uncertainties, increasing legitimacy and a perceived behavioral control (PBC) to support measures. Currently, licenses in the Gulf aren’t granted under defined ecological criteria, and although altruistic-biospheric values scored highly before the intervention began, due to mistrust and high illegal-unlicensed fishing, fishers may be underestimating how much others care about the environment. Value-oriented and ecosystem-based interventions may assist to effectively redesign the licensing system and encourage fishers to support sustainable measures. Our research indicates the importance of education interventions that teach about the impacts of fishing in the ecosystem while helping participants to perceive themselves as capable of implementing actions (PBC) and expressing biospheric-altruistic values to restore trust. Redirecting human behaviors to reconnect with ecosystem resilience can be a leverage point for sustainability and for the compliance of small-scale fisheries management measures.

scholarly journals Practical issues in choosing a framework for resource assessment and management of Mediterranean and Black Sea fisheries

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F. CADDY
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Local Context ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
Practical Constraints

Local context and practical constraints are important in deciding on assessment procedures for Mediterranean and Black Sea fisheries, and in formulating management measures that reflect the resource life history, fishery configuration and availability of data. A brief review of existing methods is provided, and a recommendation that practical approaches need to focus on developing the indicators and reference points appropriate for fisheries management decisions. In both the Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea proper, experience suggests environmental and ecosystem concerns must be given a high priority in the assessment process.

Ocean Recovery

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Hilborn ◽  
Ulrike Hilborn
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Popular Media ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
General Audience ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
The Status ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Graduate Seminars ◽  
The Impact

Over the last 2 decades, the scientific and popular media have been bombarded by gloom-and-doom stories on the future of fisheries, the status of fish stocks, and the impact of fishing on marine ecosystems. Dozens of certification and labeling schemes have emerged to advise consumers on what seafood is sustainable. In recent years, an opposing narrative has emerged emphasizing the success of fisheries management in many places, the increasing abundance of fish stocks in those places, and the prescription for sustainable fisheries. However, there has been no comprehensive survey of what really constitutes sustainability in fisheries, fish stock status, success and failures of management, and consideration of the impacts of fishing on marine ecosystems. This book will explore very different perspectives on sustainability and bring together the data from a large number of studies to show where fish stocks are increasing, where they are declining, the consequences of alternative fisheries management regimes, and what is known about a range of fisheries issues such as the impacts of trawling on marine ecosystems. Aimed principally at a general audience that is already interested in fisheries but seeks both a deeper understanding of what is known about specific issues and an impartial presentation of all of the data rather than selected examples used to justify a particular perspective or agenda. It will also appeal to the scientific community eager to know more about marine fisheries and fishing data, and serve as the basis for graduate seminars on the sustainability of natural resources.

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