KESIAPAN KAWASAN COMMERCIAL STRIP SURAKARTA UTARA BAGIAN BARAT SEBAGAI PUSAT AKTIVITAS BARU

<p>Berdasarkan RTRW Kota Surakarta tahun 2011-2031, kawasan Surakarta utara adalah kawasan strategis dari segi pertumbuhan ekonomi. Koridor komersial (<em>commercial strip</em>) di Surakarta utara bagian barat direncanakan melalui koridor jalan Adi Sumarmo, Mangunsarkoro dan Pierre Tendean. Pengembangan pada kawasan utara diperlukan untuk mengurangi beban aktivitas yang saat ini menjadi pusat aktivitas. Namun, pengembangan pada kawasan utara masih perlu perbaikan pada aspek fisik dan non-fisik seperti perbaikan infrastruktur penunjang dan tingkat investasi. Dengan begitu, perlu mengetahui bagaimana kesiapan kawasan <em>commercial strip</em> Surakarta utara bagian barat dari aspek fisik dan non fisik. Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah deduktif. Metode pengumpumlan data menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, observasi, dan kuesioner pada data primer sedangkan studi literatur pada data sekunder. Teknik analisis mennggunakan teknik statistik deskriptif, dan overlay peta tematik. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah tingkat kesiapan pengembangan kawasan <em>commercial strip</em> di Surakarta utara bagian barat berada pada kategori cukup siap. Cukup siap berarti kawasan Surakarta utara bagian barat layak dikembangkan sebagai pusat aktivitas baru namun perlu dilakukan perbaikan pada beberapa aspek. Perlu perencanaan yang komprehensiff baik aspek yang sudah memenuhi kriteria maupun yang belum memenuhi kriteria kesiapan agar seluruh komponen kesiapan berada pada tingkat kesiapan yang memadai. Maka dari itu, perencanaan yang perlu dilakukan yaitu mengembangkan kawasan <em>commercial strip</em> dengan konsep <em>strip-center development</em> pada area di sekitar jaringan jalan agar pemanfaatan lahan menjadi lebih efisien dan mengurangi beban perjalanan</p>

Development, optimization, standardization, and validation of a simple in-house agar gradient method to determine minimum inhibitory concentration of vancomycin for Staphylococcus aureus

BACKGROUND: The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommends reporting minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of vancomycin for Staphylococcus aureus. Commercial MIC strips are expensive, and the traditional broth microdilution method is cumbersome. With this background, we attempted to develop and standardize an in-house agar gradient method to determine MIC values of vancomycin for S. aureus. OBJECTIVES: To develop and validate an in-house vancomycin MIC strip, based on simple agar gradient method for S. aureus as per bioassay development guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Filter paper gradient strips were made in house and impregnated with varying concentrations of vancomycin to create an antibiotic gradient. During standardization, MICs of ninety clinical strains of S. aureus and ATCC 29213 were tested by the broth microdilution and commercial strip followed by the in-house strip. During the validation stage, MICs of ninety different clinical strains of S. aureus and ATCC 29213 were determined by the in-house strip followed by MIC detection by broth microdilution and commercial strips. A reading of more than ± 1log2 dilution compared with broth microdilution was considered as an outlier. RESULTS: During the initial stage, there were 7/90 outliers in the clinical strains, and no outliers were seen with the ATCC 29213 control strain. Corrective action included increasing precaution during the antibiotic impregnation on the strip. During validation stage, only 4/90 outliers were observed in the clinical strains. The commercial strips had 29/90 among clinical and 15/30 outliers in the control strain during the prevalidation phase. Despite maintaining cold chain during the validation phase, the outliers for commercial strip were 18/90 and 4/30 for clinical and control strains, respectively. CONCLUSION: Reporting vancomycin MIC for S. aureus may be attempted using the in-house method after validating it with a gold standard broth microdilution method and quality control as per protocol.

The End of Suburbia?

This chapter focuses on White Flint, a 400-acre obsolete commercial strip on Montgomery County's most congested roadway, and some of the important lessons it offers with respect to successful planning politics. The most recent of Montgomery's efforts in planning for mixed-use, transit-oriented activity centers, White Flint was envisioned as the best place to create a model for a new generation of land use policy. The chapter discusses the plan for White Flint, the key issues that needed to be resolved before it could move forward, and the project planners' new approach to zoning. White Flint illustrates the value of careful economic analysis; engagement of major property owners and community groups in making plans; and willingness to abandon old ideas in favor of new ones that fit the circumstances at hand. The case of White Flint also highlights the problems of bureaucratic and political resistance to new ways of financing infrastructure.

The practical significance of lactate levels in fetal blood at his urgent condition

The objective: to establish whether the level of lactate in the blood of the fetus to be reliable criterion of his suffering and indication for changing tactics of childbirth. Patients and methods. The study included 511 pregnant women. Criteria for inclusion in the study: full-term births with singleton pregnancy, cephalic presentation fetus, the absence of membranes, opening the cervix 3 cm or more, according KTG questionable fetus. Included in the study are pregnant randomized into 2 groups. In the study group included 253 women in childbirth, in which the fetus at CTG rated as doubtful and determine the level of lactate in the blood taken from the skin presenting fetal head. The level of lactate measured succinct method using commercial strip test (Lactate Pro, Arkray, Kyoto, Japan). Tactics delivery determined according to the lactate levels: at <4.2 mmol / l – of delivery according to obstetric situation; 4.2-4.8 mmol / l – research again after 20 minutes; If normal level of lactate – of delivery according to obstetric situation; in the absence of normalization or improvement – prompt delivery; by level of> 4.8 mmol/l-emergency operative delivery. In the comparison group included 258 rodil with questionable condition of the fetus, which determine the level of lactate was not performed. Tactics birth in this group of patients was determined in accordance with the guidelines and regulations of Ministry of Health of Ukraine. Results. Proven method of determining the level of fetal blood lactate is technically simple to quickly get results, well tolerated, no significant complications. The level of fetal blood lactate is a sensitive marker of fetal urgent and therefore is a useful criterion for changing tactics of childbirth. As a result of proven algorithm was able to improve the newborn while reducing the frequency of operative delivery, which was 18.2% in rodil main group and 33.72% in the comparison group (p <0.01). Conclusion. 1. Determination of lactate in the blood taken from the skin of the fetal head presenting succinct method using commercial strip test (Lactate Pro, Arkray, Kyoto, Japan), to quickly obtain data on the availability of fetal acidosis. 2. The level of lactate in the blood of the fetus can serve as a diagnostic criterion of his suffering and indication for changing tactics of labor in this regard. 3. Simplicity and speed of this technique allows to recommend it for use in obstetric practice. Key words: urgent fetus, fetal blood lactate, tactics delivery.

Urban sprawl in Iranian cities and its differences with the western sprawl

Recently a number of studies have focused on urban sprawl in the Iranian cities and the negative impacts of such development pattern. Although in a general view the phrase ?urban sprawl? is used for fast and sometimes uncontrolled urbanizations, but there are dissimilarities between the urban sprawl in the western societies with the so-called Iranian urban sprawl. This paper discusses these differences as part of five main aspects that are mentioned in the internationally recognized urban sprawl definitions. Suburban sprawl, single-use developments/zoning, disconnected street network, low accessibility of the new developments, and commercial strip development are the aspects that are descriptively discussed as the main differences between the two types of sprawl. The main point of the discussion is that due to the wide range of similarities, which are briefly introduced, the type of the fast outward urban growth that is observed in the periphery of the Iranian cities can be defined as a part of the universal urban sprawl trend. Finally a definition is suggested for explaining urban sprawl in Iran.