Aesthetic perception of the Russian sound speech by Germans (a case study of German internet forums)

The article is devoted to the aesthtic assessment of the sound of Russian speech as reflected in German Internet forums. Segmental and suprasegmental features of Russian pronunciation which evoke in native speakers of German empathy and / or antipathy towards Russian sounding speech, are described. The ordinary Germans' naive assessment of Russian souding speech differs from that by professional linguists. Germans who are not familiar with the theoretical basis of the phonetic structure of the Russian language pay attention, first of all, to those pronunciation features that are not characteristic of the phonetic basis of the German language. Among them on segmental level are the following: trembling sonant [r̥], vowel [ᵻ] and back-lingual slit [ɣ] after vowels [e], [i] and consonants [lʲ], [nʲ], [j], the pronunciation of which in German in this position is pronounced as ich-Laut [ç]. The Germans also seem to dislike clusters of consonants that are absent in the German language, for example, -рск-, -здр- etc. The presence of these sounds in the Russian language allows ordinary Germans to characterize Russian sounding speech as rude, despite the remarks of the Germans that there are many “soft” sounds i.e. palatalized consonants in the Russian language. The main difference at the suprasegmental level, which in the scientific literature is designated as the opposition of the German “staccato” and Russian “legato”, finds its confirmation in the statements of German members of the forum. The rhythmic organization of Russian speech is assessed by common Germans as discordant and indistinct, since, unlike German speech, Russian speech is characterized by relaxed articulation, non-forced vocalization, an extended melodic range and an irregular rhythmic patterns. In addition, the use of different pitch movements in friendly and aggressive communication encourages Germans to qualify the speech of Russian speakers in obvious situations of friendly communication as confrontational.

Correction of speech disturbances in elevated form of dysartria in elder preschool children

This article discusses the use of speech therapy rhythmics in order to correct speech disorders in preschoolers with an erased form of dysarthria. In the course of this work were in s manifest features of tempo-rhythmic organization of speech of children with the erased form of dysarthria; the positive influence of speech therapy rhythmics on children of this category is described and examples of effective exercises in the process of its use are given.

О некоторых приёмах работы над ритмикой и интонацией в преподавании РКИ

About some techniques of working on rhythm and intonation in teaching Russian as a foreign language (RFL). Accent-centricity of the Russian phonetic word is an important aspect of the study of RFL and the correct pronunciation. Verbal stress is not only the basis of the rhythmic organization of a phonetic word, but also an integral part of the intonation of the utterance. The article contains practical recommendations that simplify and speed up the process of mastering rhythmic patterns and intonation structures of the Russian language.

Features of Songs Rhythmic Organization by E. Sabitoglu

The presented research is devoted to the study of the rhythmic organization’s peculiarities in the songs of E. Sabitoglu. Emin Sabitoglu is an outstanding Azerbaijani composer, whose work leaves many generations of domestic listeners not indifferent. The work of Emin Sabitoglu, being famous and popular, often attracts the attention of Azerbaijani musicologists. At the same time, the stylistic features of the composer’s songs have never before become the object of special scientific research. The purpose of the research is to study one of the important elements of the musical language in the songs of the Azerbaijani composer E. Sabitoglu, namely rhythm, to determine the features of their rhythmic organization. The research methodology is determined by the purpose of the research, for the achievement of which, the author uses a comprehensive analysis. At the same time, theoretical analytical analysis has acquired a leading role in the research process. The scientific novelty of the research is that for the first time in musicology determining the features of rhythmic organization in the songs of the Azerbaijani composer Emin Sabitoglu is being solved. Conclusions. A detailed analysis of the rhythmic basis of E. Sabitoglu’s songs demonstrated the presence of certain stylistic features in this area. Firstly, it is a rhythmic ostinato, used in a variety of practically all-vocal miniatures of the composer. Secondly, the rhythmic variation, widespread in the songs of the composer, has many ways of implementation in the development of each specific song. Note that the presence of the principle of rhythmic variation in the songs of the composer is associated with the traditions of national vocal folklore since the variation is one of the leading principles of development in Azerbaijani folk songs. Thirdly, the method of sound visualization takes an essential place in E. Sabitoglu’s songs, the realization of which is directly conditioned by the use of expressive possibilities of rhythm. The use of expressive possibilities of rhythm in this area contributes to the creation of a vivid and almost visibly felt artistic image.

Changes in the prosodic structure of journalistic text before and after speech therapy intervention

Prosody has a crucial role in TV news speaking style in transmitting the message to listener. Speaking style influences prosodic structure and may characterize a distinctive mark of a person or a social group speech. Besides, speaking style allows the speaker to attract the listener´s attention to particular chunks of his/her announcement. The aim of this work is to study the rhythmic organization of Brazilian Portuguese (BP) TV news speaking style by analyzing the evolution of the normalized duration of vowel-to-vowel units (VV units) throughout the utterances in two conditions (before and after vocal training workshops). For this study two students of journalism were submitted to vocal training workshops for six months. Each meeting lasted one hour and thirty minutes. The training workshops intended to improve phonoarticulatory aspects involved in TV news speaking style. The students read a specific text before and after the training but did not receive direct instructions as how to read the text. The Praat Software was used to analyze the VV durations and statistic analyses were carried out. Statistical analyses of VV durations did not show differences between before and after intervention as a whole, but showed differences in specific stretches of the utterances, particularly in phrase stress position. These differences across conditions were considered an indication of the strategies developed by the participants during the training, such as the increase of silent pause duration and the increase of VV duration in general. The increase in VV units duration after the training may be considered a way of speaking the news with more emphasis. These strategies did not appear before training. Based on the results of VV timing after training it is possible to say that the training had a crucial role in improving the professional-related subjects´ speaking style. Perceptual tests were carried out to exam how the strategies used by the subjects to read the announcement would be interpreted by the listener comparing before and after intervention. The perceptual tests suggested that listeners do perceive emphasis in after-training reading and this seems to be related not only to longer VV units, but also to expanded fundamental frequency range. The order that the announcements were presented had influenced the listeners´ answers.

Speech therapy technologies

The textbook discusses the features of the formation of speech and motor functions in children, as well as their disorders. Technologies of examination of the pronouncing side of speech, lexical and grammatical structure of language and coherent speech, tempo-rhythmic organization of speech and motor functions in children are presented. The methods and techniques of diagnostics, criteria for assessing the violation of the formation of functions are described in detail. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of higher educational institutions studying in the direction of training 44.03.03 "Special (defectological) education" (bachelor's level). It may be useful for undergraduate students studying in the areas of training 44.03.02 "Psychological and pedagogical education" and 44.03.01 "Pedagogical education" - future primary school teachers. It is recommended for the examination of all components of speech and motor functions in children with various disorders.

Textbook in Polyphony by Anatoly P. Milka: Achievements and Prospects of the Petersburg School

В рецензии отражены важнейшие аспекты сложного и многогранного труда автора. Систематизируется понятийный аппарат, в частности, обсуждаются проблемы терминологии в области обратимого контрапункта. Предпринята попытка рассмотреть и объяснить позицию автора по этому вопросу в контексте истории формирования других точек зрения. Анализируются инновации в области методики преподавания полифонии, особенности сочетания исторического и технологического подходов к изучению предмета, новизна и практическая актуальность научных положений. Отмечаются инновационные разработки автора в области теории малых и больших имитационных форм. Универсальность и последовательность применения этой теории придает цельность и логическую стройность всему труду автора. Особое внимание привлекается к приемам, способствующим детальному освоению и реконструкции в учебных работах стиля ренессансной полифонии. Подробно рассматриваются новые формулировки правил метроритмической организации, типы работы над мелодией строгого письма, предложенные автором учебника. Отмечается важность рецензируемого издания как этапа развития петербургской музыковедческой школы, обобщения ее научных достижений и методических разработок. Выявляется ряд направлений, объединяющих исследования А. П. Милки с ведущими отечественными научными школами. The review specifies the most important aspects of the complex and multifaceted work of the author, systematizing and discussing the conceptual apparatus, in particular, the problems of terminology in the field of reversible counterpoint. An attempt is made to consider and explain the author's position on this issue in the context of the history of formation of other points of view. The author analyzes innovations in the field of polyphony teaching methods, the peculiarities of the combination of historical and technological approaches in the study of the subject, the novelty and practical relevance of scientific provisions. The author's innovative developments in the field of the theory of small and large imitation forms are noted. The versatility and consistency of the application of this theory gives integrity and logical harmony to the entire work of the author. Particular attention is drawn to techniques that contribute to the detailed development and reconstruction of the Renaissance polyphony style in educational works. The new formulations of the rules of metro-rhythmic organization, new types of work on the melody of strict writing, proposed by the author of the textbook, are considered in detail. The importance of the peer-reviewed publication is noted as a new stage in the development of the St. Petersburg school of music, as a generalization of its scientific achievements and methodological developments. A number of areas are identified that connect the research of Anatoly P. Milka with the leading Russian scientific schools.