PENINGKATAN KESELAMATAN JALAN PADA BLACK SPOT JALAN PROVINSI DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN

The fatality rate of traffic accidents in Sleman Regency is increasing every year. This study aims to identify black spots and set priorities for repairing road infrastructure components needed to improve road safety on 3 provincial roads in Sleman Regency. The black spot is determined using the Accident Equivalence Number Method and the Upper Control Limit. The evaluation carried out resulted in the 3 worst segments on each observed road segment. The results of the road safety evaluation show that the technical implementation of traffic management and engineering, the technical use of road components, and the technicality of road equipment are the 3 technical requirements of the road with the lowest level of application. To improve road safety, this study recommends adding rumble strips, adding signs, relocating roadside hazards, and adding sidewalks and crossing zones. Keywords: fatality; black spots; traffic accident; road; road safety. Abstrak Tingkat fatalitas kecelakaan lalu lintas di Kabupaten Sleman meningkat setiap tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi black spot dan menetapkan prioritas perbaikan komponen infrastruktur jalan yang diperlukan untuk meningkatkan keselamatan jalan di 3 ruas jalan provinsi di Kabupaten Sleman. Black spot ditentukan dengan menggunakan Metode Angka Ekivalensi Kecelakaan dan Batas Kontrol Atas. Evaluasi yang dilakukan menghasilkan 3 segmen terburuk pada setiap ruas jalan yang diamati. Hasil evaluasi keselamatan jalan menunjukkan bahwa teknis penyelenggaraan manajemen dan rekayasa lalu lintas, teknis pemanfaatan bagian-bagian jalan, dan teknis perlengkapan jalan merupakan 3 persyaratan teknis jalan dengan tingkat penerapan terendah. Untuk meningkatkan keselamatan jalan, studi ini merekomendasikan penambahan rumble strip, penambahan rambu, merelokasi hazard yang terdapat di tepi jalan, serta penambahan trotoar dan zona penyeberangan. Kata-kata kunci: fatalitas; black spot; kecelakaan lalu lintas; jalan; keselamatan jalan.

Investigating Approaches to Advancing Knowledge on the Effects of Road Safety Treatments: An Application to Ontario Rural Two-Lane Highways

Crash modification factors (CMFs) are important tools for understanding the safety benefits of treatment options. However, CMFs typically lack variability as they apply a single factor to all the sites that are treated by these road safety measures. Crash modification functions (CMFunctions) are one way to capture the variability of CMFs as a function of independent variables. This research conducted a case study on the application of edgeline, centreline and dual rumble strip treatments on Ontario provincial highways and investigated CMF variability by developing CMFunctions as well as separate CMFs for tangent and curved sections. Curved sections experienced greater benefits from the application of the rumble strips. In conducting the study, the Highway Safety Manual’s application of rumble strip CMFs to Ontario roadways was also explored.

Case studies on estimating crash modification factors for treatment combinations with empirical investigation of dual rumble strip application in Ontario

Crash modification factors (CMFs) are used to quantify the impact of safety treatments. These treatments are often used in combination and so the need for estimating CMFs for simultaneous applications arises. Applications of new heuristic methods in combining treatments showed mixed results, indicating a need for sound judgement in their usage. A case study for centreline and edgeline rumble strips on Ontario highways resulted in combined CMFs of 0.805, 0.79, 0.743, 0.799, and 0.689 for total, injury, PDO, single vehicle, and approach & sideswipe crash types, respectively. The estimates were comparable to the CMFs estimated in other research for actual dual rumble strip application. CMFs developed separately for tangent and curved segments showed that both rumble strip types are more effective on curved segments.

Exploring the transferability of crash modification factors: case studies on passing lanes and dual rumble strips on Ontario two-lane highways

The safety effects of design and other highway improvement options are specified through Crash Modification Factors (CMFs). CMFs for two low cost safety treatment measures -- passing lanes and dual application of center line and shoulder rumble strips -- are explored separately in this paper. Using data provided from previous studies conducted in the United States, and generalized linear modeling, the transferability of the US-based knowledge on safety effects of passing lanes and rumble strips for application in Ontario was explored. It was found that the safety effects were consistent for passing lanes in Michigan and Ontario and a Crash Modification Function was developed relating the CMF to length of passing lane for the combined data. The dual rumble strip effects were also reasonably consistent with results from a limited analysis of Ontario data and are recommended for application in the province.

Investigating Approaches to Advancing Knowledge on the Effects of Road Safety Treatments: An Application to Ontario Rural Two-Lane Highways

Crash modification factors (CMFs) are important tools for understanding the safety benefits of treatment options. However, CMFs typically lack variability as they apply a single factor to all the sites that are treated by these road safety measures. Crash modification functions (CMFunctions) are one way to capture the variability of CMFs as a function of independent variables. This research conducted a case study on the application of edgeline, centreline and dual rumble strip treatments on Ontario provincial highways and investigated CMF variability by developing CMFunctions as well as separate CMFs for tangent and curved sections. Curved sections experienced greater benefits from the application of the rumble strips. In conducting the study, the Highway Safety Manual’s application of rumble strip CMFs to Ontario roadways was also explored.

Exploring the transferability of crash modification factors: case studies on passing lanes and dual rumble strips on Ontario two-lane highways

The safety effects of design and other highway improvement options are specified through Crash Modification Factors (CMFs). CMFs for two low cost safety treatment measures -- passing lanes and dual application of center line and shoulder rumble strips -- are explored separately in this paper. Using data provided from previous studies conducted in the United States, and generalized linear modeling, the transferability of the US-based knowledge on safety effects of passing lanes and rumble strips for application in Ontario was explored. It was found that the safety effects were consistent for passing lanes in Michigan and Ontario and a Crash Modification Function was developed relating the CMF to length of passing lane for the combined data. The dual rumble strip effects were also reasonably consistent with results from a limited analysis of Ontario data and are recommended for application in the province.

Case studies on estimating crash modification factors for treatment combinations with empirical investigation of dual rumble strip application in Ontario

Crash modification factors (CMFs) are used to quantify the impact of safety treatments. These treatments are often used in combination and so the need for estimating CMFs for simultaneous applications arises. Applications of new heuristic methods in combining treatments showed mixed results, indicating a need for sound judgement in their usage. A case study for centreline and edgeline rumble strips on Ontario highways resulted in combined CMFs of 0.805, 0.79, 0.743, 0.799, and 0.689 for total, injury, PDO, single vehicle, and approach & sideswipe crash types, respectively. The estimates were comparable to the CMFs estimated in other research for actual dual rumble strip application. CMFs developed separately for tangent and curved segments showed that both rumble strip types are more effective on curved segments.

Effects of rumble strip parameters on acoustics, vibration, and perception

Rumble strips aim to alert the driver of dangerous situations via acoustic and tactile stimulation. They can, however, also lead to increased noise in the surroundings. Strip parameters and the vehicle type determines the size of these acoustic and vibratory effects. In our work, 16 rumble strip types (including strips with irregular spacing) were evaluated with respect to their effects on acoustics, vibration, and perception. Interior and exterior emissions caused by controlled pass-overs of a car and a truck were recorded. Annoyance, urgency, and reaction time of 16 listeners were tested in a laboratory experiment and models mapping acoustics to perception were developed. Steering wheel and seat vibrations were acquired. Our results show a high correlation of interior and exterior noise. The loudness level was the best predictor of perceived annoyance and urgency. Irregular spacing reduced the tonality at the cost of a difficult production process. While a large variety of strip types produced a sufficient acoustic effect in the passenger car, the acoustic response was lower in the truck. Combined with the low vibration levels found in the truck, an identification of an optimal strip type for both vehicle types turns out to be difficult.