Karyotype Organization of the Endangered Species Yellow Cardinal (Gubernatrix cristata)

Karyotypic analyses have several applications in studies of chromosome organization, evolution, and cytotaxonomy. They are also essential to genome assembly projects. Here, we present for the first time the karyotype description of the endangered species yellow cardinal, Gubernatrix cristata (Passeriformes, Thraupidae), using conventional staining with Giemsa and 18S rDNA probes. This species has 78 chromosomes, with 12 pairs of macrochromosomes and 27 microchromosome pairs. The 18S rDNA clusters were found in four microchromosomes. Our results revealed that G. cristata has a typical avian karyotype (approximately 80 chromosomes). However, G. cristata has an apomorphic state in relation to the 18S rDNA distribution since the ancestral condition corresponds to only two microchromosomes with these sequences. Probably, duplications and translocations were responsible for increasing the number of 18S rDNA clusters in G. cristata. The results were compared and discussed with respect to other Thraupidae and Passeriformes members. Considering the globally threatened status of G. cristata, we believe that its karyotype description could be a starting point for future cytogenetics and sequencing projects.

Learning organization thought leaders interview series

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to synthesize the learnings from prior interviews with thought leaders in learning organization conceptual development. Prior interviews with Karen Watkins, Victoria Marsick, Michael Marquardt, Bob Garratt and Peter Senge are included in the summary, which is an interim step as The Learning Organization continues to explore the learning organization history and evolution. Design/methodology/approach The paper summarizes prior interviews to uncover commonalities and differences in the development and evolution of the learning organization concepts as described by thought leaders. Findings Both commonalities and differences exist in definition, development of theory and resilience since original publication. Common threads in concept develop appear across the authors mainly in influences by Revans, Argyris and Schön. Differences also exist in how each author developed learning organization constructs. Originality/value The synthesis reveals that although the learning organization may have differing definitions, there are commonalities that tie some concepts together. Additional interviews will be continued in the exploration of the learning organization evolution.

Industrial parks as a result of evolution of the forms of industrial organization

This article explores the bases for existence of not only the industrial-technological complex, encompassing workforce with means of production, but also various forms of industrial organization, evolution and peculiarities of which are defined by specialization, cooperation, concentration, combination, as well as development of integration, clusterization, externalization, and diversification of production – means that allow in a new way exchange resources within an industrial system. One of such forms is the industrial parks, which are the object of this research. The article tackles a scientific task that consists in formation of theoretical positions that in a new way reveal the essence of the industrial park as a form of industrial organization, as well as substantiation of the place and role of industrial parks in evolution of the forms of industrial organization. The author formulates number of positions that can serve as the base for structuring and developing a system of knowledge on economic essence of the industrial parks. The original interpretation of the term “industrial park” is proposed, which underlines the key peculiarities of this form of industrial organization.

The Beauty of Art

This chapter explains the hierarchy, structure and manifestation of artistic beauty. In this chapter, the author points out that the beauty of art lies in the conceptual integration, harmony, and unity of rationality and natural beauty. It is the reflection of the hierarchical beauty of emergence in people's consciousness. It studies various types of arts, including plastic arts (paintings, sculptures, and architectures), audio arts, linguistic arts (words and literature and poetry), and performing arts (drama, dance, and movie). The chapter also concludes that the beauty and ugliness of art are relative. They are both conditional and have their own self-organization evolution process. From beautiful and comparatively beautiful to more beautiful and most beautiful, from ugly and comparatively ugly to uglier and most ugly, beauty and ugliness both go through a process of emergence, evolution, and development. They are both formed in a linear structure.