KEHIDUPAN KRISTEN ERA REFORMASI

This study departs from the Christian life of the reform era. Where the Church seems unable to serve amid poverty and political uncertainty. Christianity is challenged to contextualize theology, mission, dialogue, political service in society. The problem of closing the Church was due to the issue of building permits (IMB). The author aims in this paper so that the Church strives for peace for all people. The approach of this study is a literature study on the thinking and struggles of the Church in society. So the Church does not only take care of the organization and a large amount of money in the church treasury. Nevertheless, the Church is required to care about social problems that occur. Therefore, the Church must apply several principles, namely: first, the Church needs to understand other people's religions. Second, the Church needs to build healthy discussions both between religions and between denominations. Third, the Church prioritizes the mission for the benefit of humanity.

Eksposisi Kata dan Frasa Pelayanan Sosial Politik Nabi Samuel di Masa Pemerintahan Transisi

The phrase that "Samuel ruled as judge over the Israelites all his life" indicates that the spiritual and governmental responsibilities did not cease until he died. The atmosphere of socio-political service is described even more strikingly and impressively when the monarchy reigned under the reign of the first king in Israel under the reign of King Saul. Socio-political service does not stop even though he is no longer the leader of the Israeli people, namely as a judge, but he still interacts with socio-political issues in addition to the spiritual and social problems of his nation. This fact of Samuel's ministry shows the need for a realistic understanding in today's society that the leadership of God's people in this matter can also be the leadership of God's church so as not to refuse at all or be hesitant to take part in ministry in socio-political life. In this paper the author only examines the exposition of words and phrases, namely trying to understand the knowledge or understanding of the biblical texts which are clearly closely related to the socio-political ministry of the Prophet Samuel so that this knowledge can be appropriated so that God's people can apply them in socio-political life. present time. The research method used in this paper is descriptive method. The use of this descriptive method is used to get a clear picture of the exposition texts, whether they are phrases / phrases or words that intersect with the experience and ministry of the prophet Samuel in the socio-political field during the transition period from the rule of judges to the monarchy of Israel. The themes of the descriptive study and discussion are formed from the exposition of the phrases and words in the socio-political field of the ministry and experience of the prophet Samuel.

Bīsotūn and the French Enlightenment

This study examines a little-known case of Enlightenment knowledge transmission centred on the rock-cut monument of Darius I at Bīsotūn in western Iran. It discusses a report on the monument published by the cartographer and historian Jean-Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville, which originated with the Decalced Carmelite monk Emmanuel de Saint-Albert (born Jean-Claude Ballyet); who transmitted it to Isaac Bellet, a doctor involved in secret negotiations in Constantinople; who in turn sent it to Louis, Duke d'Orléans, in Paris; who passed it on to d'Anville. The collison of scholarly interest, political service and scientific personality offers a fascinating case study of the Enlightenment ‘republic of letters’ in action.

‘Why, it’s like a ’98 trial’: The Irish Judiciary and the Fenian Trials, 1865–1866

This chapter focuses on the ‘Fenian trials’ of 1865–66. It challenges us to think beyond established ‘speeches from the dock’ narratives to consider the part played by the judiciary in the theatre of the court. While names such as Kickham, Luby, Rossa, and o’Leary will roll of the tongues of many today, fewer will recall a William Keogh, or a John David Fitzgerald, the two Catholic judges who presided over the special commission that tried the Fenian accused. There was much criticism at the time that the state had ‘packed the bench’, an accusation levelled with regularity throughout the nineteenth century. The essay gives due consideration to these claims. The appointments of Keogh and Fitzgerald were clearly political it suggests, and cites John Devoy’s assessment that all judges in Ireland were rewarded for political service rather than legal acumen. However, it concludes that the judges’ precise handling of the proceedings undermined attempts by the accused to challenge the legitimacy of the court and, ultimately, the Fenian trials show how perceptions of judicial partiality evolved over time.