ESTABLISHMENT OF A SYSTEM OF ASSISTANCE TO WAR DISABLED IN THE ACTIVITIES OF A SPECIAL COMMISSION FOR THE APPOINTMENT OF MILITARY OFFICERS AND OTHER PERSONS AFFECTED IN THE PROCEEDING OF THE WAR, AS WELL AS THEIR FAMILIES

The article is devoted to the organizational base of assistance to WWI invalids, the central link of which was a Special Commission of the Supreme Council for the Care of families of persons called up for war. Initially, the implementation of measures to the war invalids was entrusted to the local branches of the Elizabethan Committee, but the scale of the problem required the involvement of local self-government in helping the military-disabled. Zemsky Union and Union of Cities included war invalids in the sphere of their interests and a Special Commission was forced to cooperate with them in developing an all-Russian plan for the care of the military-disabled.

Relations Between the Russian Orthodox and Anglican Churches in the First Decade of the XX Century

Статья посвящена наиболее продуктивному периоду в истории взаимосвязей между Англиканской и Русской Православной Церквами. С начала ХХ в. к межконфессиональному диалогу подключились высшие иерархи обеих Церквей, отношениями с англиканами занялась специальная Комиссия при Священном Синоде, а в Великобритании был основан Англикано-Восточно-Православный Союз. Участились взаимные визиты богословов, высших церковных и общественных деятелей обеих стран, активизировалось обсуждение вопросов возможного сближения двух Церквей на всех уровнях. Все эти действия привели к более глубокому осмыслению проблемы христианского единения, в частности, к более детальному анализу возможности воссоединения Англиканской Церкви с Православной. Были созданы условия для широкого обсуждения всего комплекса вопросов, связанных с данной проблематикой. В данной статье анализируются результаты усилий обеих Церквей по разрешению имеющихся противоречий в ходе первого десятилетия ХХ в. В дальнейшем дискуссии по поискам путей сближения были продолжены вплоть до революционных событий в России в 1917 г. The article is devoted to the most productive period in the history of relations between the Anglican and Russian Orthodox Churches. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, when the highest hierarchs of both Churches have joined the inter-confessional dialogue, a special Commission of the Holy Synod has been engaged in relations with Anglicans, and the AnglicanEastern Orthodox Union was founded in Great Britain. Mutual visits of theologians, senior Church and public figures from both countries have become more frequent, and discussions on possible rapprochement between the two Churches at all levels have intensified. All these actions led to a deeper understanding of the problem of Christian unity, in particular to a more detailed analysis of the possibility of the reunification of the Anglican Church with the Orthodox Church. There were created conditions for a broad discussion of the entire range of questions related to this issue. This article analyzes the results of the efforts of both Churches to resolve the existing contradictions during the first decade of the twentieth century. Further discussions on the search of ways of rapprochement were continued until the revolutionary events in Russia in 1917.

On the determination of Namaz time in the Republic of Dagestan

The given paper studies the results of a research by a special commission of Dagestan Muftiate on the determination of the five daily obligatory prayers (Namaz) schedule in the Republic of Dagestan. The study gives a short statement of Shariah regulations on each Namaz starting and ending time; thus, provides visual comparative analysis of the research results with an existing in Dagestan Namaz timetable. The concluding part reveals the effective ways of implementing the renewed calendar within the local communities. The results of the research will be useful for the Muslim religious figures from other regions of Russia in correcting their existing Namaz timetables in accordance with the Shariah Rules.

The Institution of Presidency in the Typology of the Structure of Government Authorities in the Liberal Political and Legal Thought

The article analyses theoretical approaches to the structure of the principal organs of government in the liberal political thought in the early 20th century. Most of the focus is on the drafts set out to implement the presidency as a means of crisis management in the context of a major systemic crisis in the political and social economic system. The authors scrutinise the legislation of the Provisional Government in the framework of the Special Commission activities at the Legal Conference in the summer and autumn of 1917.

The Stigma That Would Not Go Away

Chapter 4 deals with the ‘local’ aftermath of the Hanmantrao trial. Important here were attempts by Crawford’s friends to intimidate government witnesses to prevent them from testifying against Crawford before the special commission convened to advise the government on Crawford’s guilt or innocence. It also introduces attempts by Bombay High Court judges to incriminate mamlatdar witnesses who confessed under oath that they had paid bribes. Recourse to the High Court found judges recommending revisions to lower court decisions based on some justices’ interpretation of the rules as they might have been applied if the case were heard by a court in England.

Conclusions

Chapter 10 explores some hanging questions. The issue of Crawford’s guilt or innocence is essentially moot today, but a number of points that never arose before the special commission merit consideration. The chapter comments on the practical difficulties that the Indian Penal Code of 1860 imposed on the task of successful prosecution of official corruption back in the colonial past. Beyond comments on the Penal Code of 1860, Chapter 10 also explores the relationship between decision making at various levels of governance, and certain qualities of the British imperial rule in the Bombay Presidency. This discussion stems from the facts that (1) the Crawford Tribunal found Crawford innocent of all counts of corruption, (2) the secretary of state for India concurred with the tribunal’s finding, and (3) even though Crawford was found innocent of bribery, mamlatdars were condemned as guilty. Guilty of what? Guilty of bribery. Bribery of whom? The presumption was that money had been paid for favours, but the tribunal found that Crawford had received none of it, and Crawford was found not to have done the mamlatdars any favours, so had bribery taken place at all?

The Fight for Inheritances in the Papal States during the Restoration, 1814–1830

This article looks at a common societal feature – the inheritance – examining how it became a prized source of income following the French Revolution and, therefore, a divisive element. The Restoration in the Papal States (1814–30) produced unexpected legal battles over the right of inheritances; family members as well as the monasteries of ex-religious, secularised during the Napoleonic period in Italy, contested the beneficiary status of wills. Such was the frequency and acrimony of the disputes that a special commission was created in 1827 to curb future debate. All told, these legal battles favoured ecclesiastical institutions over secular or family interests, and loosened the bonds between the Catholic Church and society during the Risorgimento.

PEMBERANTASAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI Hukum Non Sistemik dan Hukum Profetik

This article examines the empirical facts about the failure of the state (government) to eradicate this already acute corruption. Although there are laws that regulate it and there is already a special commission to eradicate corruption, namely the KPK, many still fail. The main cause is that our law still adheres to the all-mechanical-formal-legalistic system built by legal positivism. So on that basis there needs to be a new formulation as an alternative effort to make Indonesia free from corrupt practices. This study uses two theoretical approaches, namely non-systemic law / chaos theory and prophetic law. According to chaos theory, Charles Sampford in his book entitled The Disorder of Law Critical of Legal Legal Theory is not seen as a system-mechanical building, but also as liquid reality. Chaos theory states, legal theory that must be understood as a system-mechanical chaos theory (according to the view of legal positivism) is clearly a mistake, that is a mistake from the beginning in photographing legal reality. The Prophetic law is one approach in understanding the contents of the verses of the Koran. This approach focuses more on empirical, historical and temporal aspects. In the prophetic paradigm, Kuntowijoyo understands that knowing God and learning revelation are important elements in explaining reality. He took this view from a Japanese scholar, Toshihiko Izutsu, who put up his work on the Semantic Al-Qur'an Field, in the title of God and Man in the Koran: Semantics of the Koranic Weltanchauung. Of the two new offers in the effort to eradicate corruption, it was found empirical facts that there is something wrong in understanding corruption itself so that it still remains a disease that threatens the moral of a nation. The key must be courage not to be confined in the shackles of the mechanically-formal-legalistic positivism of law.