lynx canadensis
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2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. L. Peers ◽  
Yasmine N. Majchrzak ◽  
Emily K. Studd ◽  
Allyson K. Menzies ◽  
Piia M. Kukka ◽  
...  
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2021 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-185
Author(s):  
Theodore N. Bailey ◽  
Brian N. Bailey

Information is lacking on the behaviour of free-roaming Canada Lynx (Lynx canadensis) during the breeding season, likely because they are rarely observed in the wild. Other wild solitary felid males compete with each other to mate with promiscuous females. However, the behavioural context or sequence of this competition among wild male Canada Lynx remains unreported. We describe the behaviour of three adult wild lynx during the breeding season. We observed the first two lynx together; an adult male and an inferred adult female remained together non agonistically for nearly 2 h before they were interrupted by another adult male. Our observation of interaction between the two males includes agonistic behaviours, vocalizations, scent marking, fighting, and a long-distance (1.7-km) expulsion of the intruding male lynx by the first male. These observations add to the limited information available on the social ecology of lynx during the breeding season.


PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11116
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Pallandre ◽  
Franck Lavenne ◽  
Eric Pellé ◽  
Grégory Breton ◽  
Mélina Ribaud ◽  
...  

Felidae species show a great diversity in their diet, foraging and hunting strategies, from small to large prey. Whether they belong to solitary or group hunters, the behavior of cats to subdue resisting small or large prey presents crucial differences. It is assumed that pack hunting reduces the per capita risk of each individual. We hypothesize that the sacroiliac articulation plays a key role in stabilizing the predator while subduing and killing prey. Using CT-scan from 59 felid coxal bones, we calculated the angle between both iliac articular surfaces. Correlation of this inter-iliac angle with body size was calculated and ecological stressors were evaluated on inter-iliac angle. Body size significantly influences inter-iliac angle with small cats having a wider angle than big cats. Arboreal species have a significantly larger angle compared to cursorial felids with the smallest value, and to scansorial and terrestrial species with intermediate angles. Felids hunting large prey have a smaller angle than felids hunting small and mixed prey. Within the Panthera lineage, pack hunters (lions) have a larger angle than all other species using solitary hunting strategy. According to the inter-iliac angle, two main groups of felids are determined: (i) predators with an angle of around 40° include small cats (i.e., Felis silvestris, Leopardus wiedii, Leptailurus serval, Lynx Canadensis, L. rufus; median = 43.45°), the only pack-hunting species (i.e., Panthera leo; median = 37.90°), and arboreal cats (i.e., L. wiedii, Neofelis nebulosa; median = 49.05°), (ii) predators with an angle of around 30° include solitary-hunting big cats (i.e., Acinonyx jubatus, P. onca, P. pardus, P. tigris, P. uncia; median = 31.80°). We suggest different pressures of selection to interpret these results. The tightening of the iliac wings around the sacrum probably enhances big cats’ ability for high speed and large prey control. In contrast, pack hunting in lions reduced the selective pressure for large prey.


2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (23) ◽  
pp. 4637-4652
Author(s):  
Melanie B. Prentice ◽  
Jeff Bowman ◽  
Dennis L. Murray ◽  
Kamal Khidas ◽  
Paul J. Wilson

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Malcom ◽  
Andrew Carter

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service uses the concepts of resilience, redundancy, and representation—often known as the “3Rs”—to guide implementation of the Endangered Species Act. The Service has done little, however, to relate the 3Rs to the statutory requirements of the Act. Here we focus on interpreting the concept of representation given core tenets of science and conservation policy. We show that the Service’s current interpretation, which focuses on a narrow set of characteristics intrinsic to species that facilitate future adaptation, falls far short of a reasonable interpretation from the scientific literature and other policy, and has significant consequences for the conservation of threatened and endangered species. To illustrate the shortcomings in practice, we discuss the case of the Lower 48 gray wolf (Canis lupus) delisting, the proposed Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) downlisting, and the possible downlisting of the Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis). We then propose an alternative interpretation of representation that accommodates the Service’s narrow interpretation and broadens it to include the importance of intraspecific variation for its own sake as well as extrinsic characteristics such as a species’ role in ecological communities. We argue that this interpretation better reflects the intent of the Endangered Species Act, the best available science, and policy needs for conserving imperiled wildlife.


2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S. Jung ◽  
Piia M. Kukka ◽  
Michael J. L. Peers ◽  
Fiona K. A. Schmiegelow ◽  
Rudy Boonstra ◽  
...  
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FACETS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 503-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robby R. Marrotte ◽  
Jeff Bowman ◽  
Samantha J. Morin

Harvest records suggest that the abundance of bobcats ( Lynx rufus) has increased and the leading edge of their distribution has spread northward, while the trailing edge of the Canada lynx ( Lynx canadensis) range has contracted in Ontario, Canada. There has been a debate about whether these closely related felids might compete in areas of sympatry, but there is little research on sympatric populations of bobcat and lynx. Both species are found on the north shore of Lake Huron in Ontario, Canada, which provided an opportunity to investigate their spatial patterns and habitat use. We surveyed snowmobile routes for snow tracks over three winters and estimated probability of occupancy for the two felid species while accounting for detectability. Bobcat and lynx tracks were never found on the same survey route. Bobcat occupancy increased with habitat heterogeneity, whereas lynx occupancy increased with homogeneity. Our results fit with the common assumption of the generalist and specialist natures of bobcat and lynx, respectively. Our findings suggest that bobcats invaded former lynx territory after these areas became vacant. The story of the bobcat and the lynx is one of the loss of a unique, boreal specialist due to anthropogenic change, and eventual replacement by an adaptable generalist.


2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (985) ◽  
pp. 136-154
Author(s):  
Maxime Lavoie ◽  
Aurélie Renard ◽  
Serge Larivière

Abstract  Lynx canadensis Kerr, 1792, commonly called the Canada lynx, is a medium size felid and is the second largest of the four species in the genus Lynx. It is distributed throughout the boreal forest of most of Canada and Alaska and across portions of the northern United States. It prefers dense, regenerating coniferous forests with moderate canopy and understory cover. L. canadensis is a snowshoe hare specialist, and its ecology, morphology, and behavior closely reflect that of its main prey. It is listed as “Least Concern” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, is on Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, and its population size trend is considered stable. However, the status of United States subpopulations, being largely peripheral to the Canadian population, is more tenuous and the species is protected.


2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. e00708
Author(s):  
Melanie B. Prentice ◽  
Jeff Bowman ◽  
Dennis L. Murray ◽  
Cornelya FC. Klütsch ◽  
Kamal Khidas ◽  
...  

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