The Role of Children in Tourism and Hospitality Family Entrepreneurship

This paper reports on a systematic scoping review of peer-reviewed academic literature in the areas of tourism and hospitality family entrepreneurship. Specifically, it explored how and to what extent existing literature paid attention to the roles of children and how children are constructed, including whether their voices and lived experiences are reflected in the studies. The Extension for Scoping Reviews’ approach (PRISMA-ScR) was used to identify appropriate articles included in the review. Findings suggest there is limited research focused, specifically, on the role of children in tourism and hospitality family entrepreneurship. Children are often referred to, in passing, as family helpers, beneficiaries of inheritance, and as recipients of intergenerational knowledge and entrepreneurial skills. The original contribution of this paper lies in highlighting the dearth of research focused on children’s roles, as economic and social actors, in tourism and hospitality, as well as proposing a child-inclusive approach to conceptualising tourism/hospitality family entrepreneurship. This is part of a broader social justice agenda, which is critical in tourism and hospitality research, policy, and planning to privilege children’s rights, their participation, and wellbeing.

Give and take? Knowledge exchange between older and younger employees as a function of generativity and development striving

Purpose Knowledge exchange between older and younger employees enhances the collective memory of an organization and therefore contributes to its business success. The purpose of this paper is to take a motivational perspective to better understand why older and younger employees share and receive knowledge with and from each other. Specifically, this study focuses on generativity striving – the motivation to teach, train and guide others – as well as development striving – the motivation to grow, increase competence and master something new – and argues that both motives need to be considered to fully understand intergenerational knowledge exchange. Design/methodology/approach This paper takes a dyadic approach to disentangle how older employees’ knowledge sharing is linked to their younger colleagues’ knowledge receiving and vice versa. The study applied an actor-partner interdependence model based on survey data from 145 age-diverse coworker dyads to test the hypotheses. Findings Results showed that older and younger employees’ generativity striving affected their knowledge sharing, which, in turn, predicted their colleagues’ knowledge receiving. Moreover, the study found that younger employees were more likely to receive knowledge that their older colleagues shared with them when they scored higher (vs lower) on development striving. Originality/value By studying the age-specific dyadic cross-over between knowledge sharing and knowledge receiving, this research adds to the knowledge exchange literature. This study challenges the current age-blind view on knowledge exchange motivation and provides novel insights into the interplay of motivational forces involved in knowledge exchange between older and younger employees.

Consequences and Remedies of Indigenous Language Loss in Canada

Many Indigenous languages in Canada are facing the threat of extinction. While some languages remain in good health, others have already been lost completely. Immediate action must be taken to prevent further language loss. Throughout Canada’s unacceptable history of expunging First Nations’ ways of life, systemic methods such as residential schools attempted to eradicate Indigenous cultures and languages. These efforts were not entirely successful but Indigenous language and culture suffered greatly. For Indigenous communities, language loss impaired intergenerational knowledge transfer and compromised their personal identity. Additionally, the cumulative effects of assimilation have contributed to poor mental and physical health outcomes amongst Indigenous people. However, language reclamation has been found to improve well-being and sense of community. To this objective, this paper explores the historical context of this dilemma, the lasting effects of assimilation, and how this damage can be remediated. Additionally, we examine existing Indigenous language programs in Canada and the barriers that inhibit the programs’ widespread success. Through careful analysis, such barriers may be overcome to improve the efficacy of the programs. Institutions must quickly implement positive changes to preserve Indigenous languages as fluent populations are rapidly disappearing.

Everyone left

The importance of inscribing maintenance and continuity — disruption mitigation — measures into Smart City technology has long been an overlooked topic in proposals and procurement processes, hampered in part by lack of legibility, advocacy, and community capacity for addressing innovation. The paper analyzed four select cases from the Top 20 finalists of Infrastructure Canada’s Smart Cities Challenge by asking the question, ‘what happens when innovators move on?’. Cases focused on the themes of intergenerational knowledge, food security, test-bed urbanism, and disaster response. Case specific examinations were synthesized into broader explorations regarding addressing underlying infrastructure, labour force availability & training, and the role of government and planners in these projects. Finally, future research recommendations discuss how to package site specific maintenance and continuity measures into Smart City projects such that communities are equipped to assume systems from the innovators. Key words: Smart City development; urban planning innovation; infrastructure systems disruption.

Everyone left

The importance of inscribing maintenance and continuity — disruption mitigation — measures into Smart City technology has long been an overlooked topic in proposals and procurement processes, hampered in part by lack of legibility, advocacy, and community capacity for addressing innovation. The paper analyzed four select cases from the Top 20 finalists of Infrastructure Canada’s Smart Cities Challenge by asking the question, ‘what happens when innovators move on?’. Cases focused on the themes of intergenerational knowledge, food security, test-bed urbanism, and disaster response. Case specific examinations were synthesized into broader explorations regarding addressing underlying infrastructure, labour force availability & training, and the role of government and planners in these projects. Finally, future research recommendations discuss how to package site specific maintenance and continuity measures into Smart City projects such that communities are equipped to assume systems from the innovators. Key words: Smart City development; urban planning innovation; infrastructure systems disruption.

Afros, activism,and affinity: the politicization of black natural hair, racism and a sense of belonging in the Greater Toronto area

This research study explores the natural hair textures of six Black/mixed-race women as a symbol of activism in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), where natural Black hair continues to be discriminated against in public and private spheres. While all six women experienced racism in the GTA, intergenerational knowledge from family played a larger role in shaping their negative perceptions of their own hair, and how members of the dominant group may perceive their hair. Their experiences were assessed alongside their opinions on Canada’s well-known Multiculturalism Act (1982, c.24) which seeks to preserve and enhance multiculturalism. While all six women believe that cultural celebrations (e.g. Caribana, Taste of the Danforth, etc.) are a demonstration of The Act in play, they all find that The Act is ineffective in bridging the gap between ideology and practice, and therefore does not facilitate social inclusion between members of the dominant group and racialized ‘Others’. Key Words: Racism in Toronto; Natural Hair; Activism; Multiculturalism Act; Social Inclusion

Influence of Intergenerational and Peer-to-Peer Knowledge Sharing on Academics' Creativity

The objectives of this paper were to study the different relationships between different types of knowledge sharing and academics' creativity and found these results: 1) Intergenerational Knowledge Sharing (IGKS) positively related to academics' creativity. 2) peer-to-peer knowledge sharing (PPKS) positively related to academics' creativity. 3) online knowledge sharing has a stronger influence on creativity than offline knowledge sharing. 4) Regardless of the communication method used, the positive impact of intergenerational knowledge sharing on academics' creativity is stronger than peer-to-peer knowledge sharing.

The Modernity of the Songlines

Aboriginal Australia is facing a time like no other. This chapter reflects on our ever-adapting culture, as we are lamenting the passing of our cultural custodians, each of whom is a library of profound knowledge. It articulates how a global groundswell of creative work, controlled and created from an Aboriginal and/or first peoples perspective, works to retain language and revitalize ritual forms. Our creative practices have enabled Indigenous arts industry workers across all genres a relevant voice, better employment prospects, community outcomes, and, most important, the control of how we are perceived. Viewers of museum exhibitions now have more awareness of the sophisticated and complex societal structures we have developed and lived for thousands of years. But what of the continuing cultural obligations and clan/nation responsibility, the cultural inheritance of the oldest living race? While the author believes it is vital for the next generations of first peoples to build bridges, develop indigenous capacity, generate employment, and ensure the health and well-being of their communities, she asks how we are ensuring our youth are experiencing the old ways of traditional, intergenerational knowledge transmission, and how relevant we consider it in the twenty-first century.