ABSTRACTWildfires represent a fundamental and profound disturbance in many ecosystems, and their frequency and severity are increasing in many regions of the world. Fire affects soil by removing carbon in the form of CO2and transforming remaining surface carbon into pyrolyzed organic material (PyOM). Fires also generate substantial necromass at depths where the heat kills soil organisms but does not catalyze the formation of PyOM.Pyronemaspecies strongly dominate soil fungal communities within weeks to months after fire. However, the carbon pool (i.e. necromass or PyOM) that fuels their rise in abundance is unknown. We used aPyronema domesticumisolate from the catastrophic 2013 Rim Fire (CA, USA) to ask ifP. domesticumis capable of metabolizing PyOM.P. domesticumgrew readily on agar media where the sole carbon source was PyOM (specifically, pine wood PyOM produced at 750 °C). Using RNAseq, we investigated the response ofP. domesticumto PyOM and observed a comprehensive induction of genes involved in the metabolism and mineralization of aromatic compounds, typical of those found in PyOM. Lastly, we used13C-labeled 750 °C PyOM to demonstrate thatP. domesticumis capable of mineralizing PyOM to CO2. Collectively, our results indicate a robust potential forP. domesticumto liberate carbon from PyOM in post-fire ecosystems and return it to the bioavailable carbon pool.IMPORTANCEFires are increasing in frequency and severity in many regions across the world. Thus, it’s critically important to understand how our ecosystems respond to inform restoration and recovery efforts. Fire transforms the soil, removing many nutrients while leaving behind both nutritious necromass and complex pyrolyzed organic matter, which is often recalcitrant. Filamentous fungi of the genusPyronemastrongly dominate soil fungal communities soon after fire. While Pyronema are key pioneer species in post-fire environments, the nutrient source that fuels their rise in abundance is unknown. In this manuscript, we used a P. domesticum isolate from the catastrophic 2013 Rim Fire (CA, USA) to demonstrate thatP. domesticummetabolizes pyrolyzed organic material, effectively liberating this complex pyrolyzed carbon and returning it to the bioavailable carbon pool. The success of Pyronema in post-fire ecosystems has the potential to kick-start growth of other organisms and influence the entire trajectory of post-fire recovery.