scholarly journals Pyrolyzed Substrates Induce Aromatic Compound Metabolism in the Post-fire Fungus, Pyronema domesticum

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika S. Fischer ◽  
Frances Grace Stark ◽  
Timothy D. Berry ◽  
Nayela Zeba ◽  
Thea Whitman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Carbon Pool ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Soil Organisms ◽  
Rim Fire ◽  
The World ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Comprehensive Induction ◽  
Bioavailable Carbon

Wildfires represent a fundamental and profound disturbance in many ecosystems, and their frequency and severity are increasing in many regions of the world. Fire affects soil by removing carbon in the form of CO2 and transforming remaining surface carbon into pyrolyzed organic matter (PyOM). Fires also generate substantial necromass at depths where the heat kills soil organisms but does not catalyze the formation of PyOM. Pyronema species strongly dominate soil fungal communities within weeks to months after fire. However, the carbon pool (i.e., necromass or PyOM) that fuels their rise in abundance is unknown. We used a Pyronema domesticum isolate from the catastrophic 2013 Rim Fire (CA, United States) to ask whether P. domesticum is capable of metabolizing PyOM. Pyronema domesticum grew readily on agar media where the sole carbon source was PyOM (specifically, pine wood PyOM produced at 750°C). Using RNAseq, we investigated the response of P. domesticum to PyOM and observed a comprehensive induction of genes involved in the metabolism and mineralization of aromatic compounds, typical of those found in PyOM. Lastly, we used 13C-labeled 750°C PyOM to demonstrate that P. domesticum is capable of mineralizing PyOM to CO2. Collectively, our results indicate a robust potential for P. domesticum to liberate carbon from PyOM in post-fire ecosystems and return it to the bioavailable carbon pool.

scholarly journals Pyrolyzed substrates induce aromatic compound metabolism in the post-fire fungus,Pyronema domesticum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika S. Fischer ◽  
Frances Grace Stark ◽  
Timothy D. Berry ◽  
Nayela Zeba ◽  
Thea Whitman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Carbon Pool ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Soil Organisms ◽  
Rim Fire ◽  
The World ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Entire Trajectory ◽  
Comprehensive Induction ◽  
Bioavailable Carbon

ABSTRACTWildfires represent a fundamental and profound disturbance in many ecosystems, and their frequency and severity are increasing in many regions of the world. Fire affects soil by removing carbon in the form of CO2and transforming remaining surface carbon into pyrolyzed organic material (PyOM). Fires also generate substantial necromass at depths where the heat kills soil organisms but does not catalyze the formation of PyOM.Pyronemaspecies strongly dominate soil fungal communities within weeks to months after fire. However, the carbon pool (i.e. necromass or PyOM) that fuels their rise in abundance is unknown. We used aPyronema domesticumisolate from the catastrophic 2013 Rim Fire (CA, USA) to ask ifP. domesticumis capable of metabolizing PyOM.P. domesticumgrew readily on agar media where the sole carbon source was PyOM (specifically, pine wood PyOM produced at 750 °C). Using RNAseq, we investigated the response ofP. domesticumto PyOM and observed a comprehensive induction of genes involved in the metabolism and mineralization of aromatic compounds, typical of those found in PyOM. Lastly, we used13C-labeled 750 °C PyOM to demonstrate thatP. domesticumis capable of mineralizing PyOM to CO2. Collectively, our results indicate a robust potential forP. domesticumto liberate carbon from PyOM in post-fire ecosystems and return it to the bioavailable carbon pool.IMPORTANCEFires are increasing in frequency and severity in many regions across the world. Thus, it’s critically important to understand how our ecosystems respond to inform restoration and recovery efforts. Fire transforms the soil, removing many nutrients while leaving behind both nutritious necromass and complex pyrolyzed organic matter, which is often recalcitrant. Filamentous fungi of the genusPyronemastrongly dominate soil fungal communities soon after fire. While Pyronema are key pioneer species in post-fire environments, the nutrient source that fuels their rise in abundance is unknown. In this manuscript, we used a P. domesticum isolate from the catastrophic 2013 Rim Fire (CA, USA) to demonstrate thatP. domesticummetabolizes pyrolyzed organic material, effectively liberating this complex pyrolyzed carbon and returning it to the bioavailable carbon pool. The success of Pyronema in post-fire ecosystems has the potential to kick-start growth of other organisms and influence the entire trajectory of post-fire recovery.

Preface

2012 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. iv
Author(s):  
Benjamin T. King
Keyword(s):  
International Symposium ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Social Program ◽  
The World ◽  
14Th International Symposium ◽  
And Function ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time ◽  
Old Friends

The 14th International Symposium on Novel Aromatic Compounds (ISNA-14), held in Eugene, OR, USA from 24 to 29 July 2011, dealt with broad themes: molecular design, geometry, and function, realized through the hands of chemists. Aromatic compounds underlie these themes in the same way that stone and steel underlie architecture. Indeed, the ISNA conferences have been central to the development of the architectural approach to chemistry.The 256 ISNA-14 participants came from around the globe and enjoyed 62 talks, 148 posters, and a fine social program. The Nozoe Lecture, delivered by Prof. Peter Bäuerle of the University of Ulm, initiated an avalanche of outstanding science that lasted five days. The participation of many first-time attendees and seasoned ISNA veterans demonstrated the continuing vitality of the ISNA series and bodes well for ISNA-15, to be held in Taipei, Taiwan from 28 July to 2 August 2013.The University of Oregon was a delightful venue for the conference. Excursions to the ocean and to vineyards provided opportunities to meet old friends, make new ones, and see this lovely corner of the world. And, lo and behold, it did not rain!This issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry is a microcosm of ISNA-14, reflecting the thoughts, trends, scientific style, and problems addressed. The compilation of papers is synergistic and tells us more than each story taken separately—it tells us what chemists are thinking about now. I hope this issue might today pique the curiosity and creativity of a new investigator or might tomorrow reveal the key role played by novel aromatic compounds in the development of chemistry.Benjamin T. KingConference Co-chair

scholarly journals Regulation of Expression of Genes Involved in Quinate and Shikimate Utilization in Corynebacterium glutamicum

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 3461-3468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruhiko Teramoto ◽  
Masayuki Inui ◽  
Hideaki Yukawa
Keyword(s):  
Corynebacterium Glutamicum ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Shikimate Pathway ◽  
Transcriptional Regulator ◽  
Shikimate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Regulation Of Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Utilization Pathway

ABSTRACT The utilization of the hydroaromatic compounds quinate and shikimate by Corynebacterium glutamicum was investigated. C. glutamicum grew well with either quinate or shikimate as the sole carbon source. The disruption of qsuD, encoding quinate/shikimate dehydrogenase, completely suppressed growth with either substrate but did not affect growth with glucose, indicating that the enzyme encoded by qsuD catalyzes the first step of the catabolism of quinate/shikimate but is not involved in the shikimate pathway required for the biosynthesis of various aromatic compounds. On the chromosome of C. glutamicum, the qsuD gene is located in a gene cluster also containing qsuA, qsuB, and qsuC genes, which are probably involved in the quinate/shikimate utilization pathway to form protocatechuate. Reverse transcriptase PCR analyses revealed that the expression of the qsuABCD genes was markedly induced during growth with either quinate or shikimate relative to expression during growth with glucose. The induction level by shikimate was significantly decreased by the disruption of qsuR, which is located immediately upstream of qsuA in the opposite direction and encodes a LysR-type transcriptional regulator, suggesting that QsuR acts as an activator of the qsuABCD genes. The high level of induction of qsuABCD genes by shikimate was still observed in the presence of glucose, and simultaneous consumption of glucose and shikimate during growth was observed.

scholarly journals Host engineering for improved valerolactam production in Pseudomonas putida

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell G. Thompson ◽  
Luis E. Valencia ◽  
Jacquelyn M. Blake-Hedges ◽  
Pablo Cruz-Morales ◽  
Alexandria E. Velasquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Shotgun Proteomics ◽  
Rich Media ◽  
Amide Hydrolase

ABSTRACTPseudomonas putida is a promising bacterial chassis for metabolic engineering given its ability to metabolize a wide array of carbon sources, especially aromatic compounds derived from lignin. However, this omnivorous metabolism can also be a hindrance when it can naturally metabolize products produced from engineered pathways. Herein we show that P. putida is able to use valerolactam as a sole carbon source, as well as degrade caprolactam. Lactams represent important nylon precursors, and are produced in quantities exceeding one million tons per year[1]. To better understand this metabolism we use a combination of Random Barcode Transposon Sequencing (RB-TnSeq) and shotgun proteomics to identify the oplBA locus as the likely responsible amide hydrolase that initiates valerolactam catabolism. Deletion of the oplBA genes prevented P. putida from growing on valerolactam, prevented the degradation of valerolactam in rich media, and dramatically reduced caprolactam degradation under the same conditions. Deletion of oplBA, as well as pathways that compete for precursors L-lysine or 5-aminovalerate, increased the titer of valerolactam from undetectable after 48 hours of production to ~90 mg/L. This work may serve as a template to rapidly eliminate undesirable metabolism in non-model hosts in future metabolic engineering efforts.

scholarly journals The foliar endophytePhialocephala scopiformisDAOMC 229536 secretes enzymes supporting growth on wood as sole carbon source

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Bhatnagar ◽  
Grzegorz Sabat ◽  
Daniel Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolase ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Cellobiose Dehydrogenase ◽  
Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases ◽  
Polysaccharide Monooxygenases ◽  
Conifer Needle

AbstractThe conifer needle endophyte,Phialocephala scopiformis, was cultivated in media containing groundPinus contortawood as sole carbon source. After five and seven days growth, concentrated extracellular fluids were subjected to LC-MS/MS analyses. A total of 590 proteins were identified of which 99 were assigned to glycoside hydrolase families within the Carbohydrate Active Enzyme (CAzyme) system. Multiple isozymes of exo-and endo-acting cellulases were among the most abundant proteins, and oxidative degradation of cellulose was supported by the presence of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases, glucooligosaccharide oxidase and cellobiose dehydrogenase. Oxidoreductases were also plentiful and included GMC oxidoreductases, alcohol dehydrogenases, laccases, copper radical oxidases, tyrosinases and catalase. The expression and diversity of extracellular oxidoreductases indicates a capacity to metabolize alcohols and aromatic compounds.

Cometabolic oxidation of phenanthrene to phenanthrenetrans-9,10-dihydrodiol byMycobacteriumstrain S1 growing on anthracene in the presence of phenanthrene

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 369-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saowanit Tongpim ◽  
Michael A Pickard
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds ◽  
P450 Monooxygenase ◽  
Original Source ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Rhodococcus Strain

Mycobacterium strain S1, originally described as Rhodococcus strain S1 by chemotaxonomic criteria, was isolated by growth on anthracene, and is unable to use any of nine other polycyclic aromatic compounds as carbon source. Metabolism of phenanthrene during growth on anthracene as sole carbon source results in the accumulation of traces of a dihydrodiol metabolite in the growth medium, which, by comparison with authentic standards, has been tentatively identified as phenanthrene trans-9,10-dihydrodiol. Anthracene metabolites were ruled out on the basis of comparisons with authentic anthracene dihydrodiols from Pseudomonas fluorescens D1 and chemically synthesized anthrols. The original source of phenanthrene for dihydrodiol production was phenanthrene present as a <1% contaminant in the anthracene used as carbon source. However, addition of further phenanthrene to the anthracene growth medium increased the level of phenanthrene trans-9,10-dihydrodiol formed. Mycobacterium strain S1 also produced phenanthrene trans-9,10-dihydrodiol when grown in a glucose-salts medium in the presence of phenanthrene. This dihydrodiol is a dead-end metabolite, and neither it nor its parent hydrocarbon are able to support the growth of Mycobacterium strain S1. Studies with metyrapone and ancimidol, which did not inhibit growth on anthracene but did inhibit formation of phenanthrene trans-9,10-dihydrodiol, suggest it is likely the product of a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase-like activity.Key words: phenanthrene trans-9,10-dihydrodiol, Mycobacterium.

Analysis of fungal communities by sole carbon source utilization profiles

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S Buyer ◽  
Daniel P Roberts ◽  
Patricia Millner ◽  
Estelle Russek-Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Carbon Source Utilization ◽  
Sole Carbon Source Utilization

scholarly journals Biological Activity of Aromatic Compounds from Clove (Syzygium aromaticum)

2021 ◽  
pp. 318-322
Author(s):  
. Surbhi ◽  
. Sushma ◽  
Reena Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Food Preservative ◽  
The World ◽  
Local Plant

Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) is most vital spice which has been utilized for food preservative and also as a remedial plant over centuries. It is local plant of Indonesia however these days it is used in numerous parts of the world including Brazil in the province of Bahia. This plant is one of the plentiful sources of phenolic compounds and bears enormous capacity for pharmaceutical, makeup and foodstuff. This analysis includes studies coverage biological activity of eugenol and clove. The antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of clove are higher than numerous of the fruits and vegetables and it ought to have extraordinary consideration. The diverse studies mentioned in this review prove the long-established use of clove in food preservation and also as a remedial plant.

scholarly journals Characterization of Morganella sp. for its Paraquat Degradation Potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
S.D. Haruna ◽  
A.J. Sufyan ◽  
S. Ibrahim ◽  
A. Babandi ◽  
D. Shehu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Characterization Study ◽  
Agar Media

One of the beneficial roles of the microbial population is their ability to convert toxic herbicides to lesser toxic compounds such as water and carbon (IV) oxide. Paraquat which is an acutely toxic herbicide is used on farmlands and has been found to affect human health. This study was aimed at characterizing bacteria with the potential to degrade paraquat. Previously isolated bacteria from culture collection labelled A-F were screened for their potential to degrade and utilized paraquat as the sole carbon source in Bushnell Hass agar media. Of the six isolates, isolate E (Morganella sp.) was observed to have the highest growth and tolerance to paraquat after 72 h of incubation at 37 ºC. Characterization study revealed that Morganella sp. can utilize and grow with optimum conditions of pH 6.5, the temperature of 30 ºC and can tolerate up to 400 mg/L paraquat concentration with an increase in growth as inoculum size increases. Thus, these findings showed that Morganella sp. can degrade toxic paraquat to a less toxic form and therefore can be a good isolate for the future bioremediation process of the pollutant.

scholarly journals Meta-Omics Tools in the World of Insect-Microorganism Interactions

Biology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonino Malacrinò
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Microbial World ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
User Friendly

Microorganisms are able to influence several aspects of insects’ life, and this statement is gaining increasing strength, as research demonstrates it daily. At the same time, new sequencing technologies are now available at a lower cost per base, and bioinformatic procedures are becoming more user-friendly. This is triggering a huge effort in studying the microbial diversity associated to insects, and especially to economically important insect pests. The importance of the microbiome has been widely acknowledged for a wide range of animals, and also for insects this topic is gaining considerable importance. In addition to bacterial-associates, the insect-associated fungal communities are also gaining attention, especially those including plant pathogens. The use of meta-omics tools is not restricted to the description of the microbial world, but it can be also used in bio-surveillance, food safety assessment, or even to bring novelties to the industry. This mini-review aims to give a wide overview of how meta-omics tools are fostering advances in research on insect-microorganism interactions.

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