Occupational Stress and its Relation to Grave’s Disease

Background: Graves’ disease is an autoimmune thyroid gland disease that causes increased activity of the thyroid hormones. But, the mechanism by which the autoantibodies are generated is still unclear. Some theory suggests that daily life stress may be a risk factor that triggers Graves’ disease. The aim of this report is to enrol a systematically searching in order to get an answer about the risk factor of the Grave’s disease and the prevention measure.Methods: In this case report, a 47-year-old career woman with prominent occupational stress was diagnosed with Graves’ disease. Literature searching was done on database such as Pubmed, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct with occupational stress, stressful life event, and Graves’ disease as the keywords. One article was selected and critically appraised. Results: One case-control study showed that patients with Graves’ disease had odds ratio (OR) of having stressful life events as big as 8.59; 95%CI = 2.35-20.80, and the number needed to harm (NNH) is 2.35.Conclusion: Occupational stress is a prominent risk factor for developing Graves’ disease. However, this is based on one article

A rare case of transformation of autoimmune thyroiditis into Grave’s disease after COVID-19 disease

Autoimmune Thyroiditis (AIT) and Graves’ disease are autoimmune diseases with the opposite state of thyroid function: hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis. Typically, thyrotoxicosis can progress to thyroiditis and eventually hypothyroidism. The transformation of autoimmune thyroiditis into Graves’ disease is a very rare event. SARS-CoV-2 viral infection shares autoimmune mechanisms with common diseases of the thyroid gland and may be the cause of their diseases. We have described a case of Graves’ disease after suffering Covid-19 in a patient with autoimmune thyroiditis and hypothyroidism.

Helena

This chapter describes Helena Schilizzi, a London-based member of the widespread and prosperous Schilizzi family, who met Venizelos during the peace negotiations of late 1912-1913 and became devoted to him. It is based in part on her memoir A l'Ombre de Veniselos. The Schilizzis originated in the Byzantine empire, spread to Chios and later to London and other European cities. Helena, troubled for a period by Grave's disease, came across Venizelos by reading his 1910 speech in Athens, and was captivated. She took every opportunity to get close to him, starting with his contacts with the London Greek community during the peace negotiations. She realized that the way to attach herself to him was to devote herself to the cause of Greece. With her money she was able to do so.