Debt structure: a solution to the puzzle of capital structure

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relation between debt structure and future external financing and investment. Furthermore, it aims to analyze the association between debt structure and future financial performance.Design/methodology/approachVolume, maturity, possessing collateral and having priority at the settlement date are the dimensions of debt structure that have been employed in this paper. The sample consists of 1,060 firm-year observations from Tehran Stock Exchange corporations during the period 2009–2018.FindingsThe findings reveal that greater reliance on financial leverage (debt volume) and short-term debt are associated with increases in future debt financing as well as future equity financing. Moreover, these two dimensions of debt structure are positively related to future investment. This paper also shows that the positive impact of financial leverage and short-term debt on future financing and investment can finally lead to a favorable financial performance. Regarding other dimensions of debt structure, the results suggest that although collateralized debt with the priority option at the settlement date enhances future external financing, this type of debt can ultimately lead to a reduction in future investment and financial performance. Finally, the findings indicate that uncollateralized debt exacerbates future financial performance.Research limitations/implicationsFinancial performance can be affected by several factors, including available funds, investment amount, investment efficiency and managerial capability. However, this paper only considers the investment amount and external financing as the channels through which debt structure improves future financial performance. This study has the potential to contribute to one of the most important issues in finance and business fields, despite its probable trivial drawbacks.Practical implicationsFinancing strategies as one of the most controversial topics have been meticulously scrutinized in this paper and practical implications are made to facilitate the process of decision-making regarding the optimal type of debt financing.Originality/valueThis study extends the literature by analyzing the direct link between debt structure and firm performance in firms domiciled in developing markets.

Economics of savings-based finance: an interest-free model of rotating savings and credit association in Turkey

Purpose The emerging markets have been witnessing a remarkable revival of rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAs) serving as alternative informal financing and investment platforms, also known as savings-based finance (SBF) in Turkey. The purpose of this study is to present the SBF model mathematically, analyse the performance of the SBF sector and propose a new Sharīʿah-compliant SBF model for the acquisition of durables. Design/methodology/approach The paper thoroughly reviews the concept and practice of ROSCA across the globe, mathematically models and empirically analyses the performance of Turkish SBF companies using a unique data set. Findings The study formulates a two-person SBF model and proposes a Mudarabah-Wakalah hybrid model with a new investment feature. It is found that the concept of ROSCA is being operationalized in 105 countries across the globe under different names with slight business model modifications. The research also reveals that the demand for financing of durables in Turkey significantly increased in recent years with the demand for housing is twice greater compared to vehicles. Most importantly, a strong significant inter- and intra-comovement is observed between these durables implying that the success of the sector in one segment has attracted the customers to other SBF products. It shows that the SBF institutions can effectively serve as the alternative financing houses for pooling savings and financing the durables, and they have strong potential to capture a larger financial market share in Turkey and even globally. Originality/value The study constructs mathematical models and proposes a new investment wing to an existing SBF wealth fund.

RETURN ON ASSETS DAN DETERMINASI FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHINYA (STUDI PADA BUS NON DEVISA PERIODE 2018-2019)

Return on Assets (ROA) is important for banks. This is because ROA can be used to measure a bank's ability to make profits in general. In the period 2018-2019 there were problems in the financial statements where when Murabahah Financing and Revenue Sharing Financing increased ROA decreased and when NOM increased ROA decreased. The purpose of this study tested the effect of murabahah financing, revenue sharing financing and NOM on ROA on Bank Uumum Syariah Non-Foreign Exchange. The novelty of this research is in the form of research methods used, which have never previously been used with murabahah financing variables, revenue sharing financing and NOM together. This research is a type of quantitative research with panel data regression methods. The sample used amounted to 4 from Non-Foreign Exchange Sharia Commercial Banks using quarterly data for the period 2018-2019. The findings in this study stated that murabahah financing, revenue sharing and NOM partially had no effect on ROA. However, together murabahah financing, revenue sharing financing and NOM affect ROA. The amount of influence given by the three variables to the ROA is 95.34%. Non-Foreign Exchange Sharia Commercial Bank can increase bank profits and maintain bank stability in financing and investment by increasing the three variables together. Return on Assets (ROA) merupakan sesuatu yang penting bagi Bank. Hal ini dikarenakan ROA dapat digunakan untuk mengukur kemampuan bank dalam memperoleh keuntungan secara umum. Pada periode tahun 2018-2019 ditemukan permasalahan pada laporan keuangan dimana ketika Pembiayaan Murabahah dan Pembiayaan Bagi Hasil meningkat ROA menurun dan ketika NOM meningkat ROA mengalami penurunan. Tujuan penelitian ini menguji pengaruh pembiayaan murabahah, pembiayaan bagi hasil dan NOM terhadap ROA pada Bank Uumum Syariah Non Devisa. Kebaruan dari penelitian ini berupa metode penelitian yang digunakan, yang sebelumnya belum pernah digunakan dengan variabel pembiayaan murabahah, pembiayaan bagi hasil dan NOM secara bersama-sama. Penelitian ini berjenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode regresi data panel. Sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 4 dari Bank Umum Syariah Non Devisa dengan menggunakan data triwulan periode 2018-2019. Hasil penemuan dalam penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa pembiayaan murabahah, pembiyaan bagi hasil dan NOM secara parsial tidak berpengaruh terhadap ROA. Akan tetapi secara bersama-sama pembiayaan murabahah, pembiayaan bagi hasil dan NOM berpengaruh terhadap ROA. Besarnya perngaruh yang diberikan ketiga varibel tersebut terhadap ROA sebesar 95,34%. Bank Umum Syariah Non Devisa dapat meningkatkan keuntungan bank dan menjaga kestabilan bank dalam melakukan pembiayaan maupun investasi dengan meningkatkan ketiga variable tersebut secara bersama-sama.

The Impact of Islamic Bank Financing, Government Spending, and Investment on Economic Growth in Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the effect of Islamic bank financing, government spending, and investment on economic growth in Indonesia from 2003 to 2019. A quantitative descriptive methodusing the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) analysis was applied. The results showed that in the short term, the variables of Islamic bank financing, government spending, and investment did not have a significant effect on economic growth. This shows that these variables require enough time to affect the economic growth. However in the long term, the results showed that Islamic bank financing and investment respectively have a significant, negative effect on economic growth, while government spending has a positive and significant effect on economic growth in Indonesia.JEL Classification: F22, F24, I32, J01, O15How to Cite:Nofrianto, Muliana, Y., & Cahyadi, A. (2021). The Impact of Islamic Bank Financing, Government Spending, and Investment on Economic Growth in Indonesia. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 10(2), 299-310. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v10i2.20469.

COVID-19 Pandemic Initial Effects on the Idiosyncratic Risk in Latin America

This work aims to estimate the idiosyncratic risk of Latin American economies and emerging economies using heteroscedastic conditional models to verify the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the risk associated with productive projects. The methodology used is based on the portfolio theory to estimate the idiosyncratic risk. The results highlight that Latin American economies are more susceptible to sanitary crises, such as the current pandemic, than emerging economies. The inability of emerging countries to generate the necessary savings to provide for their development imposes the need to attract resources for project financing and investment. Thus, determining the specific risk of Latin American countries is fundamental for international investors giving them another parameter when deciding on investment or financing on the continent. Originally, this work demonstrates how the sanitary crisis deriving from the Covid-19 pandemic affected the idiosyncratic or specific risk of Latin American economies using their capital market indicators. This study contributes to the assessment of Latin American economies specific risk or country risk at the beginning of the pandemic.

The impact of gross domestic product on the financing and investment efficiency of China’s commercial banks

China’s commercial banks have developed at a very rapid speed in recent decades. However, with global economic development slowing down, the impact of gross domestic product growth as an exogenous factor cannot be ignored. Most existing studies only consider the internal factors of banks, and neglect their external economic factors. This study thus adopts an undesirable dynamic slacks-based measure under an exogenous model in combination with the Kernel density curve to explore the efficiency of state-owned commercial banks (SOCBs), joint-stock commercial banks (JSCBs), and urban commercial banks (UCBs) in China from 2012 to 2018. The results show that SOCBs have the highest overall efficiency, followed by JSCBs, then UCBs. The efficiencies of SOCBs, JSCBs, and UCBs in the financing stage are greater than those in the investment stage, indicating that the latter stage brings down overall efficiency. Thus, all commercial banks need to focus on the efficiency of non-performing loans and return on capital. Finally, SOCBs need to strengthen internal controls, reduce non-performing loans and improve return on capital. JSCBs should actively expand its business while controlling costs, and UCBs should optimize its management.

The Effect of Taxation on Corporate Financing and Investment

Extensive empirical research concerning the impact of taxes on corporate decisions has had trouble identifying seemingly obvious effects. Perhaps the problem is that the seemingly obvious tax predictions are not quite right. We provide an equilibrium model with both corporate and personal taxes. In the steady-state equilibrium, the corporate tax rate affects the level of production despite interest deductibility at the firm level, but not household-level taxes on interest earnings or dividends. We prove several other tax irrelevance results and document a Laffer curve in the corporate tax rate.

Public–Private Partnership Monitor: Papua New Guinea

The public–private partnership (PPP) market in Papua New Guinea is at a nascent stage. The country has witnessed six financially closed projects with an investment of $433 million and predominantly in the energy sector. The small number of PPPs stems from the lack of a robust enabling framework, limited public sector capacities to design and manage PPPs, and constrained ability of the government to fund infrastructure development. Realizing the critical role of PPPs in helping achieve the country’s infrastructure investment target, the government is implementing the PPP Act of 2014 and setting up enabling institutions to increase financing and investment opportunities.