Exports of Services, Output and Productivity Growth in Europe

In this study, we analyse the impact of service exports on GDP and productivity growth in a sample of thirty-eight European countries for the period 2000-2019. Descriptive statistics analysis of the panel data shows that growth in exports of goods is more positively related to GDP growth, total fixed assets growth and productivity growth, while growth in export of services is more positively related to employment growth. In addition, the analysis shows that the volume of exports (in terms of its share in relation to GDP) of knowledge-intensive services (information and communication, other business services, intellectual property) is higher in more developed countries (measured as GDP per person). The pooled panel OLS model (fixed effects) with GDP growth rate and labour productivity growth as the dependent variables shows a positive impact on GDP growth of exports of services, although the positive impact of growth in exports of goods is higher. It applies to labour productivity growth, with a larger positive impact from exports of goods than services.

Acceleration of Labour Cost Along with Deceleration of Productivity: How the Slovak Manufacturing Lost the Advantage of Low Unit Labour Cost

The recent development in the Slovak economy erased a significant competitive advantage of manufacturing – low labour cost. The paper analyses the driving factors of rising unit labour costs in the manufacturing sector. The paper aims to explain why the unexpectedly rapid loss of traditional competitive advantage took place in the group of V4 countries and why this phenomenon was particularly pronounced in Slovakia. The paper identifies the driving factors that caused a strong increase in labour costs in addition to factors that also caused a slowdown in productivity growth. The decomposition of ULC dynamics has shown that the primary problem in the case of Slovakia is a very significant slowdown in labour productivity growth. Especially, from a marginal perspective, the components of gross value added developed strongly in favour of increasing compensations of employees. The decrease in the working-age population represented a significant driving force of increasing labour cost (wages) along with a halt in productivity growth caused by relatively low investment rate and absence of convergence in capital-to-labour ratio. Such development was identified in all V4 countries; however, the least favourable trend took place in Slovakia.

Sectoral analysis of Human Capital Investment, Labour Productivity and Poverty in Nigeria

This paper is on the analysis of human capital investment and labour productivity in a situation of a rising incidence of poverty in Nigeria on a sectoral basis between 1986 and 2019. Adopting the Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) technique, three sectors were considered in the analysis: the agricultural, industrial and service sectors. Key in the results of the study is in two folds. In the first case, there is a direct positive effect of human capital investment on labour productivity, and a direct negative impact of poverty on labour productivity across the three sectors. In the second case, poverty decreases the contribution of human capital investment to labour productivity growth in the agricultural and industrial sectors in the short run only. But there is insufficient evidence on this in the service sector.

Peningkatan Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja Indonesia di ASEAN Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Daya Saing

Productivity is an indicator for a country’s competitiveness. This paper analyzes the comparison competitivenesss of Indonesian workers relative to its competitiveness in several ASEAN countries. At the end of this paper, is expected to provide some policy recommendations that should be carried out by Indonesian Government to encourage an increasing of their labour competitiveness in ASEAN. This paper uses comparative analysis techniques. The secondary data was collected from the APO, ILO, UNDP, BPS.The result is, Brunai has the highest level of labour productivity even though it is decreasing. ASEAN has a trend of increasing the labour productivity during 1970-2016 period. Labour productivity in ASEAN tends to increase by almost 4 times from USD 6,2 thousand per worker in 1970 to USD 23,4 thousand per worker in 2016. During the 1970-2016, the labour productivity growth of ASEAN has continued to decline. During the 1970-2016, the labour productivity per hour in ASEAN increased from 2,8 percent in 1970 to 10,9 percent in 2016. The highest labour productivity growth per hour in ASEAN was achieved by Malaysia in 1990-1995 amounted to 6,5 percent, in contrast, the lowest of labour productivity per hour in ASEAN was achieved by Brunei Darussalam at 0,3 percent.

Information Modeling and Analysis of Labour Productivity Dynamics at Enterprises-Leaders

Serious growth in labour productivity is an essential task of Russian economy today, which was formulated in the national goals of the Russian Federation and the national project ‘Labour Productivity and Employment Support'. Current mathematic models and methods of analyzing the given problem cannot identify key factors affecting the capacity of the enterprise to provide a considerable growth in productivity in the short-term and medium-term perspective. The article puts forward a mathematic model for analyzing labour productivity dynamics, which was designed on the informational approach to system analysis. Specific features of the model are the use of the hypothesis theorem to get estimation of relative probability of achieving the target indicator and 2 variants of interpretation of probability to realize the situation factor. The research object is representative sample of industrial enterprises in Russia included in the top-100 leaders by labour productivity growth. The authors set and resolved the task to estimate relative steps of target information that determine the degree of conformity of an increase in key finance and economic parameters with attaining the goal, i.e. growth in labour productivity at the enterprise in 3-year perspective. As a result of modeling it was shown that the degree of relative expediency of high rates of proceed rise tend to decline as the ranges of labour productivity grow. At the same time the degree of relative of high rates of asset turn-over growth steps up in line with decreasing durability of operative cycle of the enterprise. In contrast to many works dealing with this problem it was shown that relative expediency of fundequipment at the enterprise is more noticeable for medium and high rates of labour productivity growth and extremely low in the record range. The obtained results demonstrate applied opportunities to use logic-mathematic tools of the information approach to analyze indicators of economic efficiency of business.