Polish-English Basic Dictionary of Archaeological Terminology of Modern Tobacco Pipe Findings with Elements of Pipe Production and Tobacco Smoking in the Modern Period

The aim of this work is to present the translation of professional terminology concerning tobacco pipes acquired by excavation methods, supplementing the already existing term base of concepts with a Polish-English translation, important in the context of the current research on this subject. This dictionary is a translation of the basic terms used in English-language works (also used in works of researchers from Central and Eastern Europe) concerning descriptions of tobacco pipe remains (based on finds of stub-stemmed pipes, one-piece clay pipes and porcelain pipes) in archaeological research, the production of such paraphernalia and elements of history of tobacco smoking, which were additionally supplemented with terms currently used in Polish archaeological literature. This dictionary should be treated as a contribution to further work on standardisation of European archaeological terminology, which should provide an aid for both specialists and enthusiasts reaching for professional literature on antique pipes.

Characterization of Clay Soil and Zolite Powder as Materials for the Production of Irrigation Porous Pipes

The uses of clay pipes in irrigation water management are becoming popular, especially in arid and semi-arid soils. The study examined clay and zeolite materials for irrigation pipes, and this paper reported characteristic properties of these materials. Hydrometer, pychnometer and core sampler methods were for soil physical properties determination. Consistency tests using (Atterberg method) and analytical techniques (Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, EDS) for samples analyses. The results indicate the soil to contain 11 % sand, 34 % silt and 55 % clay fractions and texturally classified as clay with a particle density of 1.58 g/cm3 and bulk density 2.43 g/cm3 respectively. Addition of zeolite at 3:1 clay/zeolite mix ratio shows liquid limit (LL) and plastic (PL) values to decreases from 50.7% to 43.7% and 27.6% to 27.3% while plasticity index, (PI) change from 23.2 to 16.7 respectively. The shrinkage rate decreases from 11.67% for raw clay to 8.92 % for the treated sample. The EDS analysis shows both clay and zeolite samples to contain carbon, silica (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3) as the major constituents with ferric oxide (Fe2O3), potassium oxide (K2O) and cobalt (Co) as the minor constituents. The major constituents contribute 89.26 and 94.4% while minor contribute 10.74 and 5.59 % in clay and zeolite samples. Modifying clay improved its workability, reduces cracking potential and absorption capacity and performance of porous clay pipes.

El uso del tabaco y las pipas de caolin (clay pipes) en la frontera sur y oeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires en el siglo XIX

Esta investigación está focalizada en el uso del tabaco y de las pipas de caolín en la frontera Sur y Oeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, específicamente en el periodo 1820-1890. Los viajeros, documentos escritos, egodocumentos (Rodino 2003) y partes militares han mencionado el uso del tabaco en ciudades, estancias, pueblos, fuertes y fortines, tanto por parte de los eurocriollos como de las comunidades originarias.Las pipas de caolín (clay pipes) constan de una cazuela y una caña de paredes delgadas. Y el diámetro de su agujero fue variando a lo largo del tiempo a medida que fue avanzando la producción del tabaco, la tecnología, su uso y reuso de moldes. Estas partes han constituido uno de los elementos diagnósticos para poder precisar la escala temporal de su uso. En cuanto a la escala espacial de este trabajo refiere a los hallazgos de pipas de caolín en contextos arqueológicos de los partidos de Olavarría, Tandil, Coronel Suárez, Azul, Tapalqué, entre otros, El estudio de esta parte de la cultura material ha permitido detectar una diversificación de la cultura material porteña, fenómeno que lentamente se fue extendiendo hacia el área rural y las zonas fronterizas.

Clandestine Pursuits

This chapter focuses on intentionally hidden objects and their meaning for the individuals who hid them. The emphasis on objects illustrates the strength of archaeology to use the material record to connect to specific people in the past. Window panes with messages and/or names scratched in them are described and witch bottles and pierced and folded coins are discussed in the context of European traditions continued in the New World. Classic archaeological studies of ceramic pots, clay pipes, and caches of artifacts found on African American sites are presented as setting the standards for finding evidence of agency where agency was presumed not to exist. Archaeological evidence of agency is also found in remains relating to children, soldiers on military sites, and the homeless in modern cities.

POTTERY FROM A CLOSED COMPLEX OF THE LATE 17th CENTURY IN KAMYANETS-PODILSKY (Polish market, pit 2)

In 2016 Kamianets-Podilsky Architectural and Archaeological Expedition of the Protective Archeology Department of the Institute of Archeology NUAS discovered remains of the construction on the stone foundation on the south-east part of the Polish Market Square. The big amount of clay pipes, painted porcelain, earthenware and clay coffee cups, architectural peculiarities of the building and literary pieces of evidence let interpret the remains as a coffee house. Findings from the pit 2 are introduced as the new types of ceramics. The majority of the pottery discussed: pots, jugs, «makitras», bowls, and plates — is of the local origin. The analogies to these types of pottery are largely represented in the 17th century material complexes on the territory of Ukraine. Bowls and bailers are of the Turkish origin. These types of pottery are found among the artifacts excavated on the territories of the Ottoman Empire fortresses in Belgrad, Akkerman, and Izmail. The article uncovers the peculiarities of everyday living of the citizens of Kamianets-Podilsky and Turkish garrison in Podolia Eyalet (1672—1699).

One British Thing: Clay Pipes

The clay tobacco pipe is a “British thing” distinct to its time, but that is a partial provenance. Although many thousands have been unearthed in Britain or described in British archival records, the pipe is also evidence of early globalized trade, imperial ventures, and material translation across cultures. Its Britishness is contingent. This small relic accompanied complex enterprises where a new-style masculinity arose, new racial categories were framed, and a new sociability took root.