scholarly journals Characterization of Clay Soil and Zolite Powder as Materials for the Production of Irrigation Porous Pipes

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Abdullahi Salisu ◽  
Wayayok Aimrun ◽  
Ahmad F. Abdullah ◽  
& Rowshon Md. Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Particle Density ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Potassium Oxide ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
Cracking Potential ◽  
Clay Pipes ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
And Performance

The uses of clay pipes in irrigation water management are becoming popular, especially in arid and semi-arid soils. The study examined clay and zeolite materials for irrigation pipes, and this paper reported characteristic properties of these materials. Hydrometer, pychnometer and core sampler methods were for soil physical properties determination. Consistency tests using (Atterberg method) and analytical techniques (Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, EDS) for samples analyses. The results indicate the soil to contain 11 % sand, 34 % silt and 55 % clay fractions and texturally classified as clay with a particle density of 1.58 g/cm3 and bulk density 2.43 g/cm3 respectively.  Addition of zeolite at 3:1 clay/zeolite mix ratio shows liquid limit (LL) and plastic (PL) values to decreases from 50.7% to 43.7% and 27.6% to 27.3% while plasticity index, (PI) change from 23.2 to 16.7 respectively. The shrinkage rate decreases from 11.67% for raw clay to 8.92 % for the treated sample. The EDS analysis shows both clay and zeolite samples to contain carbon, silica (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3) as the major constituents with ferric oxide (Fe2O3), potassium oxide (K2O) and cobalt (Co) as the minor constituents. The major constituents contribute 89.26 and 94.4% while minor contribute 10.74 and 5.59 % in clay and zeolite samples. Modifying clay improved its workability, reduces cracking potential and absorption capacity and performance of porous clay pipes.

scholarly journals Novel Preparation of Noncovalent Modified GO Using RAFT Polymerization to Reinforce the Performance of Waterborne Epoxy Coatings

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baolei Liu ◽  
Mingqian Wang ◽  
Ying Liang ◽  
Zhicheng Zhang ◽  
Guohong Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Block Polymer ◽  
Reversible Addition ◽  
Waterborne Epoxy ◽  
And Performance

This work launches the first-ever report on the fabrication of waterborne epoxy-graphene oxide (GO) coatings (WEGC) using a block polymer as a dispersant of GO, wherein the block polymer was synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of acrylic acid and oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate A number of analytical techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and salt spray tests, were utilized to explore the morphology and performance of the WEGC. It was confirmed that POEGMA950-b-PAA attached to the GO nanosheets, increasing the integral space of the sheets. Modified GO (MGO) layers were well-dispersed in the epoxy matrix through the formation of a GO-dispersant-epoxy ternary molecular structure. Furthermore, the presence of MGO substantially influenced the thermal properties, mechanical properties, and anticorrosion performance of the WEGC. TGA, salt spray tests, and pull-off testsshowed that 0.5 wt.% MGO content achieved the greatest improvement in the evaluated properties.

scholarly journals Nanocrystalline Cellulose and Polyvinyl Alcohol Coating Application to Cardboard Packaging Papers and Investigation of the Effects on Paper Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-322
Author(s):  
Semiha YENİDOĞAN
Keyword(s):  
Frictional Resistance ◽  
Light Sensitivity ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Nanocrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Surface Appearance ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Coating Application ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Water Absorbability ◽  
The Impact

In the packaging sector of the printing industry, different coating applications are tried and investigated in order to increase the surface appearance and performance characteristics of paper and cardboard. The printability, water and ink absorption capacity, frictional resistance, light sensitivity of the visual graphical design that are going to be printed on the packaging papers are some of them. In this study, different types of cardboards that are used as a packaging material were chosen and coated with nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC)/PVA at different rates (%). In order to determine effective and economical usage conditions, the coating solutions, at three different concentrations as 3 wt.%, 5 wt. %, 7 wt.%, were prepared. The coating was applied on the test papers, which were at the same weights (350 g/m2) and had different surface properties as matte glossy, bright glossy, American Bristol. NCC/PVA existence on the coated paper surface was confirmed with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The impact of the coating, which was prepared at different concentrations, on the packaging materials was studied with respect to thickness, stiffness, water absorbability, contact angle and surface tension.

Innovation types and performance in growing UK SMEs

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 735-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adegoke Oke ◽  
Gerard Burke ◽  
Andrew Myers
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Radical Innovations ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Telecommunications Industries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Survey Questionnaires

PurposeThe objective of this study is to explore the types of innovation that are predominant in UK SMEs, whether they are predominantly radical or incremental, and to investigate the impact of these innovations on performance.Design/methodology/approachA web‐based survey instrument was used to administer survey questionnaires to a sample of UK SMEs in manufacturing, engineering, electronics, information technology and telecommunications industries. The response rate was 13.8 percent. Relevant statistical analytical techniques including regression for analysis was then used.FindingsIt is found that the SMEs tend to focus more on incremental than radical innovations and that this focus is related to growth in sales turnover.Practical implicationsIt is not such a bad idea for SMEs, particularly those operating in high technological industries, to focus on incremental innovations as these are actually related positively to sales turnover growth.Originality/valueAn investigation of the types of innovation that SMEs pursue is pioneering in the field as previous studies of this type have been based on large firms. The contention that the raison d'etre of SMEs is to develop radical innovations is not supported empirically, at least for the sample of SMEs. In addition, it is found that the age of an SME is not related to its focus on either incremental or radical innovation. These are the contributions of this paper.

scholarly journals A Foreign Sound to Your Ear

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Rings
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Schema Theory ◽  
Moving Target ◽  
Spectrographic Analysis ◽  
Methodological Pluralism ◽  
Music Making ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Insight Into

This article presents a “longitudinal” study of Bob Dylan’s performances of the song “It’s Alright, Ma (I’m Only Bleeding)” over a 45-year period, from 1964 until 2009. The song makes for a vivid case study in Dylanesque reinvention: over nearly 800 performances, Dylan has played it solo and with a band (acoustic and electric); in five different keys; in diverse meters and tempos; and in arrangements that index a dizzying array of genres (folk, blues, country, rockabilly, soul, arena rock, etc.). This is to say nothing of the countless performative inflections in each evening’s rendering, especially in Dylan’s singing, which varies widely as regards phrasing, rhythm, pitch, articulation, and timbre. How can music theorists engage analytically with such a moving target, and what insights into Dylan’s music and its meanings might such a study reveal? The present article proposes one set of answers to these questions. First, by deploying a range of analytical techniques—from spectrographic analysis to schema theory—it demonstrates that the analytical challenges raised by Dylan’s performances are not as insurmountable as they might at first appear, especially when approached with a strategic and flexible methodological pluralism. Second, the article shows that such analytical engagement can lend new insight into an array of broader theoretical questions, especially those concerning the refractory relationship between song and performance in Dylan’s practice. Finally, the paper illustrates that a close, analytical attentiveness to the sonic particulars of Dylan’s live performances can open our ears to the cacophony of musical pasts that animate his music making.

scholarly journals Physicochemical, Thermal and Spectroscopic Characterization of the Energy of Consciousness Healing Treated Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) Root Extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Snehasis Jana
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Spectroscopic Characterization ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
The Impact

Ashwagandha root extract is widely used in nutraceutical preparations due to its broad range of pharmacological activities. The objective of this study was to analyse the impact of Biofield Energy Treatment (The Trivedi Effect ® ) on the physico- chemical, thermal and spectral properties of ashwagandha root extract by using various analytical techniques. The sample of ashwagandha root extract was divided into two parts in which one part was kept untreated and called as control sample; while the other part was provided with the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment remotely by the Biofield Energy Healer, Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi and termed as Biofield Energy Treated sample. The study reported that the particle size values at d 10 , d 50 , d 90 , and D (4,3) in the Biofield Energy Treated sample was significantly decreased by 9.23%, 9.04%, 11.86%, and 10.59%, respectively compared with the control sample. Thus, the surface area of the treated sample was significantly increased by 10.75% compared to the control sample. The PXRD analysis showed that the control as well as the Biofield Energy Treated samples was amorphous in nature. The DSC analysis showed that the onset evaporation temperature and latent heat of vaporization were significantly altered by 2.18% and-10.29%, respectively in the Biofield Energy Treated sample compared with the control sample. The TGA analysis indicated the four step thermal degradation of both the samples. The 1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd , and 4 th steps of thermal degradation of the treated sample showed an alteration in the weight loss by -6.59%, 1.97%, -1.80%, and -8.65%, respectively along with 0.81% reduction in the total weight loss, compared with the control sample. Besides, the maximum thermal degradation temperature (T max ) in the control sample was observed at 234.17°C and 365.12°C for the two broad peaks, which was decreased by 1.73% and 0.82%, respectively compared to the control sample. The overall analysis suggests that the Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment might enhance the solubility, absorption, and bioavailability profile of ashwagandha root extract along with altered thermal stability. Such altered properties might help in designing better pharmaceutical and nutraceutical preparations; thereby provide better therapeutic response against various diseases such as amnesia, arthritis, anxiety, cancer, impotence, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Development of test bench to determine the distribution of granular fertilizers in planting rows using spiral roller, two spiral rollers and fluted roller

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243799
Author(s):  
Gabriel Ganancini Zimmermann ◽  
Samir Paulo Jasper ◽  
Leonardo Leônidas Kmiecik ◽  
Lauro Strapasson Neto ◽  
Thiago Xavier da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Control Charts ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Shewhart Control Charts ◽  
Shewhart Control ◽  
Data Points ◽  
And Performance

The success of the application of granular fertilizers (GFs) in planting rows depends on the uniformity and performance of product dispensing systems, which are influenced by external factors. The objective of this study was to determine the outflow rates of two GF formulations (GF1 04-14-08 and GF2 04-30-10) using three types of fertilizer spreader—with one spiral roller (A), two spiral rollers (B), or a fluted roller (C)—and three operating speeds (1,11, 1.94, and 2.77 m s-1). The following parameters were determined in GFs: density, angle of repose, water content, and segregation (particle size). In the designed test bench, GFs were transferred from a reservoir to a spreader, and ultimately to a container, where they were weighed, and data were transmitted to the data acquisition system (DAS). A total of 7,560 outflow data points were collected (g s-1) and subjected to descriptive analysis of measures of central tendency, dispersion, asymmetry, and kurtosis, and Shewhart control charts were generated. Particle density and segregation were significantly different between the GFs, whereas the angle of repose and water content were not significantly different. The bench design and the DAS allowed measuring the outflow of GFs in different spreaders and demonstrated that this parameter was influenced by particle segregation. The segregation of GF1 was higher than that of GF2. The outflow variability at the speed of 1.11 m s-1 was lower, and the spreader with a fluted roller had the highest uniformity and was the most suitable for application with variable rates.

scholarly journals ANÁLISE DO COMPORTAMENTO DE TIJOLOS ECOLÓGICOS MODULARES DE PAPEL RECICLÁVEL QUANTO À CAPACIDADE DE ABSORÇÃO DE ÁGUA E À DURABILIDADE

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Rafael Cortes de Oliveira ◽  
Raphael Mesquita de Aguiar ◽  
Catarini Ressiguier Soares Crespo ◽  
João Marcos Gonçalves Barreto ◽  
Luisa Gonçalves Barreto
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Water Absorption Capacity ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Slake Durability ◽  
And Performance

RESUMO: A indústria da construção civil é responsável pela utilização de até metade de todo o recurso natural extraído em um país e por grandes consumos de água e energia elétrica, além da geração de resíduos e de desperdícios de materiais durante as atividades de construção e demolição, acarretando enorme impacto ambiental. Este trabalho objetiva avaliar o comportamento de tijolos ecológicos modulares de papel reciclável no que diz respeito à absorção de água, além da durabilidade a partir de ciclos de imersão em água e do desgaste utilizando slake durability, a fim de potencializar o material como uma solução em consonância com o desenvolvimento sustentável. Em seu escopo, está apresentada a metodologia de confecção dos tijolos prensados a partir da mistura em quatro proporções de jornal com cimento, que dispensa o processo de queima. Para a obtenção da capacidade de absorção de água e da durabilidade, foram realizados ensaios aos 28 e 91 dias de idade dos tijolos e o desgaste foi avaliado aos 28 dias. A partir dos satisfatórios resultados encontrados na avaliação de propriedades físicas e de desempenho desse material não convencional, bastante interessantes do ponto de vista de sua natureza, o presente trabalho contribui para a sociedade e para o meio ambiente, enfatizando a prática de reaproveitamento de material, por ora apontando a utilização do produto diante das viabilidades técnica, econômica e sustentável. ABSTRACT: The building industry is responsible for the use of up to half of all the natural resources extracted in a country and by large consumption of water and electricity, as well as waste generation and material waste during construction and demolition activities, leading huge environmental impact. This study aims to evaluate the behavior of modular ecological bricks from recycled paper concerning to water absorption, as well as durability by immersion cycles into water and by wear using slake durability, in order to enhance the material as a solution according to sustainable development. In its scope, it presents the methodology for production of bricks pressed from the mixture into four newspaper proportions with cement, releasing the burning process. To obtain the water absorption capacity and durability, tests were performed after 28 and 91 days of bricks’ age and the wear was evaluated after 28 days. Based on the satisfactory results obtained in the evaluation of physical properties and performance of this unconventional material, quite interesting from the point of view of its nature, this work contributes to society and the environment, emphasizing the practice of reuse of material, for now pointing the utilization of the product on the technical, economic and sustainable viability.

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