Metal Doped PVA Films for Opto-Electronics-Optical and Electronic Properties, an Overview

Polyvinyl alcohol is unique among polymers. Apart from its preparation, it is not built up in polymerization reactions from monomers, unlike most vinyl-polymers, and it is biodegradable in the presence of suitably acclimated microorganisms. It is an environmentally friendly material for a wide range of applications, from medical ones, based on its biocompatibility, to integrated optics. This paper reviews, in addition to the preparation and optimization of films of polyvinyl alcohol doped with different metal species, the role of dopants and doping technologies in the involved electronic mechanism. The optical properties were studied by UV-VIS-IR, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and other measurement techniques, with applications such as real-time holography, microlasers, optical sensors or nanophotonics in mind.

Installment Financial Sharing (IFS): A Financial Subsystem of Rastin PLS Banking

Installment Financial Sharing (IFS) is a subsystem of Rastin Profit and Loss Sharing (PLS) Banking System, and the guidelines, instructions, organization, workflow and electronic mechanism of Rastin PLS Banking have been put forward for this subsystem as well. Profit in this financial sharing method is based upon the yield of the real sector, and bank as an intermediary of funds, receives a commission as like as an agent, and provides capital management and financial services to financer (depositor) and participates in investment project of the entrepreneur on behalf of the depositor. In installment Financial Sharing, the contribution of the depositor is paid back by installments and ownership of the project is finally transferred to entrepreneur.Financial innovations of "Mughasatah Certificate" and "Musharakah Mughasatah Certificate" and "Rental Mughasatah Certificate" are used in this subsystem. The financer (depositor) of sharing project receives a certificate, which is negotiable in Rastin Certificate Market via the internet.