Confinement-deconfinement transition and Z2 symmetry in Z2+Higgs theory

In this paper, we study the Polyakov loop and the [Formula: see text] symmetry in the lattice [Formula: see text] theory in four-dimensional space using Monte Carlo simulations. The results show that this symmetry is realized in the Higgs symmetric phase for large number of “temporal” lattice sites. To understand this dependence on the number of “temporal” sites, we consider a one-dimensional model by keeping terms of the original action corresponding to a single spatial site. In this approximation, the partition function can be calculated exactly as a function of the Polyakov loop. The resulting free energy is found to have the [Formula: see text] symmetry in the limit of large temporal sites. We argue that this is due to [Formula: see text] invariance as well as dominance of the distribution or density of states corresponding to the action.

25. Capacity and parties

This chapter examines the issues of capacity and parties in tort law. It explains that capacity refers to the status of legal persons and their ability to sue or be sued in tort and that a claimant’s injury might be caused by more than one person. Examples are given of the capacity to sue and be sued of companies and children. This chapter discusses also the point that any person successfully sued in tort can seek contribution from other joint or concurrent tortfeasors and this can be done in the course of the original action commenced by the claimant, or in separate proceedings between tortfeasors.

General method for including Stueckelberg fields

A systematic procedure is proposed for inclusion of Stueckelberg fields. The procedure begins with the involutive closure when the original Lagrangian equations are complemented by all the lower order consequences. The Stueckelberg field is introduced for every consequence included into the closure. The generators of the Stueckelberg gauge symmetry begin with the operators generating the closure of original system. These operators are not assumed to be a generators of gauge symmetry of any part of the original action, nor are they supposed to form an on shell integrable distribution. With the most general closure generators, the consistent gauge invariant theory is iteratively constructed, without obstructions at any stage. The Batalin–Vilkovisky form of inclusion of the Stueckelberg fields is worked out and the existence theorem for the Stueckelberg action is proven.

Ellen Ripley, Sarah Connor, and Kathryn Janeway: The subversive politics of action heroines in 1980s and 1990s film and television

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, female characters that are different from the sexualised and passive women of the 1960s started appearing in science fiction film and television. Three prominent women on screen that reflect the increasing awareness of women's sexualisation and lack of representation as main protagonists in film, and that appeared at the height of feminism's second wave, are Ellen Ripley from the Alien franchise (1979-1997), Sarah Connor from the Terminator film series (1984-1991;2019) and Kathryn Janeway from the Star Trek: Voyager (1995-2001) television series. These female characters were, in contrast to their predecessors, the main protagonists and heroes at the centre of their respective narratives, they were desexualised, and they were not subservient to their male contemporaries. Most importantly, and as I show in this paper, they are complex, hybrid characters that do not perpetuate the masculine/ feminine dichotomy as their predecessors did. I further argue that it is these characters' hybridity that makes them heroines instead of simply being male heroes in female bodies, which they are often accused of. I term the heroine archetype presented by these characters the "original action heroine", and I argue that these women are likely candidates to be regarded as the first heroine archetype on screen.

Progress on the introduction of supervisory ward manager roles since the Francis report recommendations

Recommendation 195 of the Francis report suggested that the introduction of supervisory ward managers into clinical practice could improve the quality of patient care in England. The Department of Health and NHS Commissioning Board's vision and strategy Compassion in Practice in 2012 restated the recommendation in action area four, with trusts required to publish progress. With the aim of identifying whether the lessons of the Francis report had been learned, a review of the published literature since 2012 retrieved only five articles on the subject, with many anecdotal accounts of its implementation in local trusts. The three subsequent update reports of Compassion in Practice stopped backing recommendation 195 and promoted black and ethnic minority leadership, a laudable initiative, but not a recommendation of the Francis report. The authors suggest recommendation 195 and Compassion in Practice's original action area four should be promoted again to ensure public safety and address the notion that lessons learned are less likely to be repeated.

A Counterfactual Explanation for the Action Effect

People’s causal judgments are susceptible to the action effect, whereby they judge actions to be more causal than inactions. We offer a new explanation for this effect, the counterfactual explanation: people judge actions to be more causal than inactions because they are more inclined to consider the counterfactual alternatives to actions than to consider counterfactual alternatives to inactions. Experiment 1a conceptually replicates the original action effect for causal judgments. Experiment 1b confirms a novel prediction of the new explanation, the reverse action effect, in which people judge inactions to be more causal than actions in overdetermination cases. Experiment 2 directly compares the two effects in joint-causation and overdetermination scenarios and conceptually replicates them with new scenarios. Taken together, these studies provide support for the new counterfactual explanation for the action effect in causal judgment.

Pemalsuan Alat Bukti Atas Penitipan Uang Pajak Oleh Notaris/PPAT dalam Menjalankan Tugas Jabatan

Notary/PPAT is public official who has the authority make authentic deed evidence. Based on trust in Notary/PPAT, all interests in making deed fully entrusted. Included management of BPHTB tax payments authorized to Notary/PPAT. Deposit of tax money by clients based on customary practices aimed at facilitating transaction process. It becomes problem if the original action to help client become act embezzlement money. Based on interviews with Notaries/PPAT in different places stated evidence used sufficient with deposit money. Rules and sanctions have been firmly regulated, but such actions have always taken place in carrying out their duties. Bring up two problems, namely type evidence used in the case of client tax money embezzlement carried out by Notary/PPAT, as well as relation between these actions in carrying out their duties. Purpose of this study is make evidence has legal strength in event of embezzlement, and behavior of the Notary/PPAT to comply with the code of ethics. This study uses empirical legal research based on literature studies and interviews and analyzed using deskripif analysis techniques. The results of the study show important evidence in event of tax evasion cases is proof of receipt which is classified as a proof private deed. However, private deed not yet legal and perfect so the truth can still be denied. Additional legalization is required receipt form of affixing notary stamp and guarantee date and signature receipt. In relation implementation office duties there need for moral and ethics guidance code of ethics so it leads to better behavior. Notaris/PPAT merupakan pejabat umum yang memiliki kewenangan membuat alat bukti akta otentik. Berdasarkan kepercayaan terhadap Notaris/PPAT, maka segala kepentingan dalam pembuatan akta dipercayakan seluruhnya. Termasuk dalam kepengurusan pembayaran pajak BPHTB yang dikuasakan kepada Notaris/PPAT. Penitipan uang pajak oleh klien didasarkan atas kebiasaan praktik yang bertujuan untuk memudahkan proses transaksi. Menjadi permasalahan apabila tindakan yang semula hanya untuk membantu klien menjadi kasus penggelapan uang. Berdasarkan wawancara dengan Notaris/PPAT di tempat yang berbeda menyatakan bahwa alat bukti yang dipergunakan cukup dengan kwitansi penitipan uang. Aturan dan sanksi telah tegas mengatur, tetapi selalu terjadi tindakan demikian dalam melaksanakan tugas jabatannya. Memunculkan dua permasalahan yaitu jenis alat bukti yang digunakan dalam kasus penggelapan uang pajak klien yang dilakukan oleh Notaris/PPAT, serta kaitan tindakan tersebut dalam menjalankan tugas jabatannya. Tujuan penelitian ini agar alat bukti penitipan uang memiliki kekuatan hukum apabila terjadi penggelapan, serta prilaku Notaris/PPAT agar sesuai dengan kode etik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum empiris berdasarkan studi kepustakaan dan wawacara serta dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis deskripif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alat bukti penting apabila terjadi kasus penggelapan uang pajak adalah alat bukti kwitansi yang di golongkan sebagai alat bukti surat dibawah tangan. Pembuktian dengan alat bukti surat dibawah tangan belum sah dan sempurna sehingga masih bisa disangkal kebenarannya. Guna menciptakan kepastian hukum diperlukan adanya tambahan legalisasi berupa pembubuhan cap notaris serta menjamin tanggal dan tanda tangan di dalam kwitansi. Kaitannya dengan pelaksanaan tugas jabatan diperlukan adanya pembinaan moral dan etika di dalam kode etik sehingga menuju kearah prilaku yang lebih baik.

Novalis and the problem of the original action of the I

Between 1795 and 1796 Novalis produces a vast group of fragments on Fichte’s philosophy, the posthumously entitled “Fichte-Studien”. Among the topics therein approached, one of the most important is that of the original action of the I (Urhandlung), and the possible or impossible union of the opposites which model human life and thought, feeling and reflection. The aim of this article is to inquire Novalis’ view of this problem of paramount importance for a philosophy of the I; namely, to investigate the contours of Novalis’ circular conception of the problem, and its differences regarding Fichte; to expound the dilemma of the necessity and yet impossibility of a union between opposites; and to show how the young philosopher considers this problem both in its real and in its ideal prism, thereby proposing, as a solution, a union in disunion, an (im-)possible union between opposites, which Novalis affirms as a new conception of the circular study of the I and as the foundation for a new philosophizing.

Extending group actions on metric spaces

We address the following natural extension problem for group actions: Given a group [Formula: see text], a subgroup [Formula: see text], and an action of [Formula: see text] on a metric space, when is it possible to extend it to an action of the whole group [Formula: see text] on a (possibly different) metric space? When does such an extension preserve interesting properties of the original action of [Formula: see text]? We begin by formalizing this problem and present a construction of an induced action which behaves well when [Formula: see text] is hyperbolically embedded in [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we show that induced actions can be used to characterize hyperbolically embedded subgroups. We also obtain some results for elementary amenable groups.

25. Capacity and parties

This chapter examines the issues of capacity and parties in tort law. It explains that capacity refers to the status of legal persons and their ability to sue or be sued in tort and that a claimant’s injury might be caused by more than one person. This chapter also mentions that any person successfully sued in tort can seek contribution from other joint or concurrent tortfeasors and this can be done in the course of the original action commenced by the claimant, or in separate proceedings between tortfeasors.