Application of Extended Lattice Gas Automata Model in Ship Evacuation Simulation

Lattice gas automaton is a mathematical model that is used to simulate the horizontal uniform evacuation behaviour of a group. However, extended lattice gas automata model is proposed to examine marine evacuation behaviour, which is subject to deck heeling. The application of distance accumulation algorithm and the conversion probability mostly make the extended model, while the approach deals with the most complicated ship evacuation. Moreover, the suggested model is expected to enhance the safety and efficiency of evacuation. The distance accumulation lattice gas automata model considers multiple movement behaviours, flow density, deck heeling, counterflow, and congestion. Movement behaviour will be severely affected in deck heeling process where people may walk normally, walk while bent over, or crawl. To verify the proposed model, 11 test scenarios and several emergency evacuation scenarios are demonstrated. The simulation results explain the validity of another experimental model. The number of people in counterflow, deck heeling, and difference in movement have a direct effect on evacuation, which is as discussed in results. This research article provides a brief study on ship design and crew response behaviour in case of mishap/accident.

Simulation Study of Fluid Flow and Estimation of a Heterogeneous Porous Media Properties Using Lattice Gas Automata Method

Most models used in reservoir simulation studies are on the scale of meters to hundreds of meters. However, increasing resolution in geological measurements results in finer geological models. Simulations study of particle movements provide an alternative to conventional reservoir simulation by allowing the study of microscopic and/or macroscopic fluid flow, which is close to the scale of geological models. In this paper, the FHP-II (Frisch, Hasslacher and Pomeau - FHP) model of lattice gas automata were developed to study fluid flow in order to estimate the properties of heterogeneous porous media. Heterogeneity simulated by placing solid obstacles randomly in a two-dimensional test volume. Properties of the heterogeneous porous media were estimated by the shape, size, number of the obstacles and by the distribution of the obstacles within the volume. Results of the effects of grain sizes and shapes, and its distribution in the porous media on the tortuosity, effective porosity, permeability and displacement efficiency were obtained. An investigation of fluid flow and comparison with laboratory experiment were also presented. Reasonably good agreement between the lattice gas automata simulation and laboratory experiment results were achieved.

Lattice Nomenclature Survey from LGA to Modern LBM

Lattice configuration is a core parameter in Lattice-Boltzmann (LB) methods, both from theoretical and implementation standpoints. As LB methods have progressed over the past decades, a variety of lattice configurations have been proposed and referred to according to a plurality of lattice nomenclature systems that usually include the Euclidean space dimensionality, the lattice velocity count and, in fewer instances, the discretization order in their format. This work surveys lattice nomenclature systems, or lattice naming schemes, along the history of LB methods, starting from their Lattice Gas Automata (LGA) predecessor method, up to the present time. Findings include multiple lattice categories, competing naming standards, ambiguous names particularly in higher-order models, naming systems of varying model parameter scopes, and lack of unambiguous naming schemes even for space-filling, Bravais lattice types.

Lattice Gas Automata Applications to Estimate Effective Porosity and Permeability Barrier Model of the Triangle with a Height Variation

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung porositas efektif (фeff) dan permeabilitas (k) menggunakan model segitiga dengan variasi tinggi yaitu 3, 4, 5, 6 dan 7 cm. Perhitungan porositas dan permeabilitas yang efektif dilakukan dengan menggunakan model Lattice Gas Automata (LGA), yang diimplementasikan dengan bahasa pemrograman Delphi 7.0. Untuk model segitiga penghalang dengan tinggi 3, 4, 5, 6 dan 7 cm, nilai porositas efektif dan permeabilitas, masing-masing: фeff (T1) = 0,1690, k (T1) = 0 , 001339 pixel2; фeff (T2) = 0,1841, k (T2) = 0,001904 pixel2; фeff (T3) = 0,1885, k (T3) = 0,001904 pixel2; фeff (T4) = 0,1938, k (T4) = 0001925 pixel2; dan фeff (T5) = 0,2053, k (T5) = 0,002400 pixel2. Dari hasil simulasi, diperoleh tinggi segitiga akan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai porositas efektif dan permeabilitas. Pada segitiga lebih tinggi, menyebabkan tabrakan model aliran fluida LGA mengalami lebih banyak hambatan untuk penghalang, sehingga porositas efektif dan permeabilitas menurun. Sebaliknya, jika segitiga lebih rendah, menyebabkan tabrakan model aliran fluida LGA mengalami lebih sedikit hambatan untuk penghalang, sehingga porositas efektif dan permeabilitas meningkat.This research purposed to calculate the effective porosity (feff) and permeability (k) using the barrier model of the triangle with a high varying are 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 cm. Effective porosity and permeability calculations performed using the model Lattice Gas Automata (LGA), which is implemented with Delphi 7.0 programming language. For model the barrier triangle with a high of 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 cm, the value of effective porosity and permeability, respectively: feff(T1)=0,1690, k(T1)=0,001339 pixel2; feff(T2)=0,1841, k(T2)=0,001904 pixel2; feff(T3)=0,1885, k(T3)=0,001904 pixel2; feff(T4)=0,1938, k(T4)= 0001925 pixel2; and feff(T5)=0,2053, k(T5)=0,002400 pixel2. From the simulation results, obtained by the high of the triangle will be a significant effect on the value of effective porosity and permeability. If the triangle highest, causing the collision of fluid flow models LGA experience more obstacles to the barrier, so that the effective porosity and permeability decrease. Conversely, if the triangle lower, causing the collision of fluid flow models LGA experience less obstacles to the barrier, so that the effective porosity and permeability increases.Keywords: Effective porosity, permeability, model triangle, model LGA

On Quantum Extensions of Hydrodynamic Lattice Gas Automata

We consider quantum extensions of classical hydrodynamic lattice gas models. We find that the existence of local conserved quantities strongly constrains such extensions. We find the only extensions that retain local conserved quantities correspond to changing the local encoding of a subset of the bits. These models maintain separability of the state throughout the evolution and are thus efficiently classically simulable. We then consider evolution of these models in the case where any of the bits can be encoded and measured in one of two local bases. In the case that either encoding is allowed, the models are efficiently classically simulable. In the case that both encoding and measurement is allowed in either basis, we argue that efficient classical simulation is unlikely. In particular, for classical models that are computationally universal such quantum extensions can encode Simon’s algorithm, thus presenting an obstacle to efficient classical simulation.