Keragaan beberapa Varietas Sorgum terhadap Aplikasi Kitosan Iradiasi

Sorghum is a versatile, drought-resistant cereal crop. Increasing sorghum production needs special attention, although Indonesia has the potential for sorghum development. Irradiated chitosan can be used as a plant growth promoter and organic fertilizer to improve the performance of sorghum. This study aims to provide recommendations for sorghum varieties that are suitable for development and planting in dry land and are known to be able to control pests organically with the application of chitosan irradiation with optimum concentration. The experimental design was a separate plot with sorghum varieties (Numbu, Keller, and Kawali) as the main plot and the irradiated concentrations of chitosan (without irradiation, 2, 4, and 6 ml.L^-1) as subplots. The results showed that the sorghum variety and the optimum chitosan irradiation concentration of 2.76 and 5.15 ml.L^-1 increased the dry weight of stover per plant by 93.04 g per plant and increased the sugar content of sorghum with Brix 15.03%. The varieties of Numbu, Keller, and Kawali significantly affected plant height, number of leaves, weight of 100 seeds, and plant fresh weight per plot or forage of sorghum.

Changes in the root-associated bacteria of sorghum are driven by the combined effects of salt and sorghum development

Background Sorghum is an important food staple in the developing world, with the capacity to grow under severe conditions such as salinity, drought, and a limited nutrient supply. As a serious environmental stress, soil salinization can change the composition of rhizosphere soil bacterial communities and induce a series of harm to crops. And the change of rhizospheric microbes play an important role in the response of plants to salt stress. However, the effect of salt stress on the root bacteria of sorghum and interactions between bacteria and sorghum remains poorly understood. Results The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of salt stress on sorghum growth performance and rhizosphere bacterial community structure. Statistical analysis confirmed that low high concentration stress depressed sorghum growth. Further taxonomic analysis revealed that the bacterial community predominantly consisted of phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in sorghum rhizosphere soil. Low salt stress suppressed the development of bacterial diversity less than high salt stress in both bulk soil and planted sorghum soil. Different sorghum development stages in soils with different salt concentrations enriched distinctly different members of the root bacteria. No obviously different effect on bacterial diversity were tested by PERMANOVA analysis between different varieties, but interactions between salt and growth and between salt and variety were detected. The roots of sorghum exuded phenolic compounds that differed among the different varieties and had a significant relationship with rhizospheric bacterial diversity. These results demonstrated that salt and sorghum planting play important roles in restructuring the bacteria in rhizospheric soil. Salinity and sorghum variety interacted to affect bacterial diversity. Conclusions In this paper, we found that salt variability and planting are key factors in shifting bacterial diversity and community. In comparison to bulk soils, soils under planting sorghum with different salt stress levels had a characteristic bacterial environment. Salinity and sorghum variety interacted to affect bacterial diversity. Different sorghum variety with different salt tolerance levels had different responses to salt stress by regulating root exudation. Soil bacterial community responses to salinity and exotic plants could potentially impact the microenvironment to help plants overcome external stressors and promote sorghum growth. While this study observed bacterial responses to combined effects of salt and sorghum development, future studies are needed to understand the interaction among bacteria communities, salinity, and sorghum growth.

Kajian Agronomi Potensi Pengembangan Tanaman Sorgum Varietas Numbu di Kabupaten Ende

Sorghum is a cereal crop that has the potential to be developed on dry land as a food source, has the ability to adapt widely, and requires less agricultural inputs than other food crops. Ende Regency is an area that has a dry climate and is dominated by dry land agriculture, so it has the potential for the development of sorghum plants. The purpose of this study was to conduct an agronomic study of the development of Nambu sorghum variety with the application of chicken manure. The research was conducted using a randomized block design, with 5 treatments chicken manure doses, i.e. A0: 0 tons per ha (control), A1: 3.25 tons per ha, A2: 6.5 tons per ha, A3: 9.75 tons per ha, and A4: 13 tons per ha. The application of chicken manure of 13 tons per ha to sorghum plants resulted in growth and yield variables with the highest values, i.e., plant height 277.08 cm, leaf number 15.69 pieces, leaf area 8720.03 cm2, fresh stover weight base 354.69 g, dry stover weight 249.38 g, panicle length 20.54 g, panicle dry weight 24.63 g, number of seeds per panicle 1392.19 g, 1000 seeds weight 7.50 g. Keywords: Chicken manure, dry land, food, sorghum. ABSTRAK Sorgum merupakan tanaman serealia yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan pada lahan kering sebagai sumber pangan, memiliki kemampuan beradaptasi secara luas, serta membutuhkan input pertanian relatif lebih sedikit dibandingkan tanaman pangan lainnya. Kabupaten Ende merupakan daerah yang beriklim kering dan dengan dominasi pertanian lahan kering, sehingga berpotensi untuk pengembangan tanaman sorgum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan kajian agronomis pengembangan tanaman sorgum varietas Nambu dengan aplikasi pupuk kandang ayam. Penelitan dilakukan dengan percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok, dengan 5 perlakuan penggunaan pupuk kandang ayam, yakni A0: 0 ton per ha (kontrol), A1: 3,25 ton per ha, A2: 6,5 ton per ha, A3: 9,75 ton per ha, dan A4: 13 ton per ha. Aplikasi pupuk kandang ayam sebesar 13 ton per ha terhadap tanaman sorgum menghasilkan variabel-variabel pertumbuhan dan hasil dengan nilai-nilai tertinggi, yaitu tinggi tanaman 277,08 cm, jumlah daun 15,69 helai, luas daun 8720,03 cm2, bobot brangkasan basah 354,69 g, bobot brangkasan kering 249,38 g, panjang malai 20,54 g, bobot malai kering 24,63 g, jumlah biji per malai 1392,19 g, bobot 1000 biji 7,50 g. Kata Kunci: Lahan kering, pangan, pupuk kandang ayam, sorgum.

PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL SORGUM PADA PEMBERIAN BEBERAPA DOSIS PUPUK NPK MAJEMUK DI LAHAN PESISIR

[GROWTH AND YIELDS OF SORGHUM VARIETIES TREATED WITH VARIOUS DOSES OF NPK FERTILIZER IN COASTAL LAND]. Sorghum has a potential to be developed in marginal land in coastal area. Drought stress and low availability of utrients in the coastal area are the main problems in growing sorghum. Introducing the drought tolerance variety is one solution to overcome the drought stress in coastal land in order to improve sorghum yields. In addition, the treatment of NPK fertilizer is needed to fulfill the nutrients requirements for growth and yields. This research aims to determine the best sorghum variety and an appropriate dose of NPK fertilizer for the growing sorghum in coastal land. Field experiment was conducted at the coastal area in Bengkulu City from August until November 2021. The experiment was arranged in Randomized Completely Blok Design with two factors. That were sorghum varieties (Numbu, Super 2 and Kawali) and NPK fertilizer doses (150 kg/ha, 300 kg/ha and 450 kg/ha). The results showed that the interaction between sorghum variety and NPK fertilizer dose were not significant on the growth and sorghum yields. Numbu varieties produced the highest panicle weight per plant of 69.42 gram. The research concluded that Numbu variety showed the best growth and yields compare two other varieties. The maximum growth and yield of sorghum in coastal land were observed at NPK 450 kg/ha dose.

A Large-Scale Dataset of Barley, Maize and Sorghum Variety Identification Using DNA Fingerprinting in Ethiopia

The data described in this paper were part of a large-scale nationally representative household survey, the Ethiopian Socioeconomic Survey (ESS 2018/19). Grain samples of barley, maize and sorghum were collected in six regions in Ethiopia. Variety identification was assessed by matching samples to a reference library composed of released improved materials, using approximately 50,000 markers from DArTseq platforms. This data were part of a study documenting the reach of CGIAR-related germplasms in Ethiopia. These objective measures of crop varietal adoption, unique in the public domain, can be analyzed along with a large set of variables related to agro-ecologies, household characteristics and plot management practices, available in the Ethiopian Socioeconomic Survey 2018/19.

Efficacy of Different Formulation of Glyphosate Herbicide on Sorghum Weeds

Background: Sorghum is susceptible to weed at its early growth stage. The aim of this efficacy trial was to ensurethat efficacy of chemical Glyphosate-isopropylammonium 41% SL on sorghum weeds control non- selectively before sorghum sowing.Methods: Thrice experiment was carried out in Humera area in Humera Agricultural Research Center, Semur farm and Desta Berhe farm during rainy growing season of 2019 using sorghum variety i.e. Brhan. Pre and post spray weed count were subjected to efficacy calculation.Result: New product of herbicide, Glyphosate-isopropylammonium 41% SL (Glpho) at 3.00 lt a.i./ha was shown better performance than the standard check Glymax 48% SL (W/V). Therefore, the new Glpho product could be suggested as an alternative non-selective herbicide before sorghum sowing.