Potensi Produksi dan Mutu Benih serta Produksi Biomassa Sorghum bicolor Varietas Samurai 2 pada Umur Panen Berbeda sebagai Bahan Pakan

Sorghum bicolor var. Samurai 2 can be used as raw material in silage production for ruminant feed. The problem encountered is the difficulty of obtaining certified seeds for commercial sorghum production. So that is necessary to do this research to investigate potential sorghum seed production and its quality of Sorghum bicolor var. Samurai 2. The study was conducted at University Research Station-Jonggol Animal Education and Research Unit, Bogor Agricultural University. The experimental design used was a randomized block design with 4 treatments and 5 replicates. Five individual plants were taken to measure the variables at each treatment set. The treatments consisted of different harvesting times, namely P95 (harvested 95 days after planting), P100, P105 and P110. The variables observed were dry weight of shelled seeds, seed weight per panicle, weight of panicle stalk, panicle weight, seed production per ha, seed moisture content, seed viability test, and shoot biomass production per ha. The results showed that seed production per ha, panicle dry matter weight, fresh seed moisture content, panicle stalk dry weight was not significantly different. Dry weight of shelled seeds, dry weight of seeds per panicle, panicle dry weight, seed viability, weight of biomass per ha were significantly different (p<0.05). The potential for the production of shelled seeds, dry matter of seeds per panicle was the best in the P105 and P110, the viability of the seeds in the P105 and shoot biomass production per ha in the P105. The potential for shelled seed production (4038 kg ha-1), seed dry weight per panicle (54.87 g panicle-1), seed viability (92.8%) and the best biomass production (55.88 tons ha-1) were in treatment P105. Key words: seed production, shoot biomass, Sorghum bicolor, viability

Relationship between Yield and Yield Contributing Traits in Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench]

Knowledge about the association between grain yield and yield contributing traits is important for sorghum development programs. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine correlations and path-coefficients between grain yield per plant and yield contributing traits. The experiment was conducted during Kharif 2019 in the Department of millets, TNAU, Coimbatore, India by using nine parents and twenty hybrids to study the genotypic correlations on the basis of seventeen traits. Analysis of variance evinced significant variation for all the traits under study. In correlation studies, the grain yield was positively associated with plant height (0.603), leaf length (0.613), leaf area index (0.501), flag leaf length (0.529), panicle length (0.608), panicle weight (0.930) and hundred seed weight (0.643). In path analysis, the traits leaf length, flag leaf length, panicle length, panicle weight and hundred seed weight exposed highly direct and indirect effects. Selection for a trait is effective when both the correlation and direct effect are higher and positive as this indicates its true association. Hence this investigation revealed flag leaf length, panicle length, panicle weight and hundred seed weight exhibited positive association and direct effect on grain yield, which indicates that the selection towards these characters will improve the yield.

The effect of biochar application and number of shoots on the growth of ratoon sorghum in vertisol soil

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.)) is one of the potential commodities that can be developed to support food and energy diversification programs in Indonesia. It has the advantage that one of them can be ratoon. However, the yield of ratoon is lower than that of the main crop. The research on ratoon sorghum was carried out in vertisol soil. This aims of the study to determine the interaction between biochar application and number of shoots on the growth of ratoon sorghum in vertisol soil, to obtain the right dose of biochar and to get the appropriate number of shoots to increase the yield of ratoon sorghum. The study was arranged in a factorial manner using a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD). The treatment factors were biochar (without biochar, 2.5 tons/ha, 5 tons/ha and 7.5 tons/ha), and the number of shoots (1 shoot, 2 shoots, 3 shoots, and 4 shoots) at the 5% level. The results showed that there was no interaction between biochar treatment and the number of shoots on the variable of panicle sorghum, weight of fresh stover, and weight of dry stover. The results showed an interaction on the variable of plants height observation. Provides growth results that are not significantly different in the parameters of plant height, panicle length and panicle weight. Gives significantly different results on panicle length, weight of fresh stover, and weight of dry stover. The number of 1 shoots produced the highest growth for all observed variables.

Agronomic and Economic Analysis of Brown top Millet under Varying Sowing Dates and Nitrogen Fertility Levels

Aim: The experiment is aimed to identify ideal sowing date and nitrogen level in browntop millet during rainy season on alfisols of Telangana. Study Design: Randomized Block Design with factorial concept and replicated thrice. Place and Duration of Study: College Farm, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India during rainy season, 2019. Methodology: Browntop millet variety VZM-1 was tested under four dates of sowing viz., D1- June 15th, D2- June 30th, D3-July 15th and D4 - 30th July and four N levels viz; N1- 0 kg ha-1 N2 - 20 kg ha-1, N1- 40 kg ha-1 and N4-60 kg ha-1. The growth parameters, yield attributes, yield, nitrogen uptake at different crop growth stages and monetary returns were studied. Results: The results indicated that plant height, tillers hill-1, leaf area, dry matter accumulation at all crop intervals and yield attributes viz; effective tillers, panicle length, panicle weight, number of grains, grain, straw yield, N uptake at different crop stages and monetary returns were highest with sowing on D1- June 15th.Among the N levels tested, crop fertilized with 40 kg N ha-1 registered higher plant height, tillers hill-1, leaf area, dry matter accumulation at all crop intervals, yield attributes viz; effective tillers, panicle length, panicle weight, number of grains, grain, straw yield N uptake at different crop stages and monetary returns. Conclusion: On alfisols of Telangana during rainy season, sowing of browntop millet on June 15th fertilized with 40 kg N ha-1 helps to realize higher yield and monetary returns.

Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Analysis Studies in Rabi Sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench) Genotypes

The forty four promising sorghum genotypes were evaluated for variability, correlation and path analysis for yield and yield contributing characters, at Sorghum improvement Project, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri during Rabi-2019-20. High estimates of PCV and GCV were observed for traits no. of green leaves per plant at harvest, panicle length (cm), panicle width (cm), panicle weight (g), harvest index and grain yield per plant (g).High estimates of heritability along with high genetic advance were recorded for plant height (cm), no. of green leaves per plant at harvest, panicle length (cm), panicle width (cm), panicle weight (g), 1000 grain weight (g), dry fodder yield per plant (g), harvest index and grain yield per plant (g).Correlation studies revealed a positive and significant association of grain yield with plant height (cm), number of internodes per plant, number of green leaves per plant at harvest, panicle length (cm), panicle width (cm), panicle weight (g), 1000 grain weight (g), dry fodder yield per plant (g) and harvest index at both genotypic and phenotypic level. Harvest index, panicle weight, dry fodder yield per plant, days to maturity and no. of internodes per plant recorded high magnitudes of direct effects accompanied by highly significant correlation with the grain yield at genotypic level, indicating true and perfect relationship between them. Thus suggesting that selection for these traits viz., harvest index, panicle weight, dry fodder yield per plant, days to maturity and no. of internodes per plant will be highly rewarding for improving the grain yield per plant.

Principal Component Analysis for Yield and its Attributing Traits in Aromatic Landraces of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The present investigation was carried out in Kharif 2019 (July to November) to estimate the relative contribution of various traits for total genetic variability present in aromatic landraces by Principal Component Analysis. Here 90 aromatic rice landraces along with six check varieties were evaluated for 13 quantitative characters by Principal Component Analysis. Principal Component Analysis showed that, out of 13 quantitative characters studied, only five principal components (PCs) exhibited more than 1.00 eigen value and showed about 81.62% cumulative variability among the traits studied. Out of the five principal components exhibiting more than 1.00 eigen value PC1 had the highest variability (25.12%) followed by PC2 (21.8%). The first principal component PC1 was positively contributed mainly by two characters viz., Grain Length and 1000 grain weight. The second principal component PC2 was contributed mostly by three characters like grain yield plant-1, panicle weight and spikelet fertility percentage. The third principal component PC3 is positively associated with panicle weight, grain yield plant-1 and spikelet fertility percentage. The fourth principal component PC4 is positively associated with spikelet fertility percentage, Grain Length/ Breadth ratio and fertile grains panicle-1. The fifth principal component PC5 is positively associated with total grains per panicle-1, grain width and 1000 grain weight. All the principal components were showing positive contribution for yield and its attributing traits. These variations can be exploited in crop improvement programme for developing high yielding varieties.

Effect of establishment methods and nutrient management on biochemical attributes, grain quality, yield parameters and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in coastal Odisha

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2019 at Agronomy Main Research Farm, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar to study the effect of establishment methods and nutrient management on biochemical attributes, grain quality, yield parameters and yield of rice. The experiment comprised of two rice establishment methods, viz. direct seeded (DSR) and transplanted (TPR) and three nutrient management practices, viz. inorganic (soil test based fertilizer recommendation (STBFR), organic (1/3rd N through green manuring + 1/3rd N through neem oil cake + 1/3rd N through vermicompost) and integrated nutrient management (50% through STBFR + 50% through green manuring) laid out in a randomised block design with three replications. The results indicated that the concentration of chlorophyll was maximum at vegetative and gradually decreased up to maturity stage. TPR recorded comparatively higher total chlorophyll content (2.91mg g-1), grain C (40.58%), H (6.98%), S (0.18%), C/N (36.54), panicles hill-1 (6.78), panicle weight hill-1 (27.05 g), 1000 grain weight (27.86 g), number of filled grains panicle-1 (176.60) with 18.3 % yield advantage over DSR. Among nutrient management, INM recorded higher S (0.17%), carbohydrate (17.82%), panicle numbers hill-1 (8.5), panicle weight hill-1 (30.19 g), 1000 grain weight (28.13 g), number of filled grains panicle-1 (187.89), grain yield (4.36 t ha-1) with harvest index (39.67%), where as maximum N (1.48%), C (41.58%), H (7.07%), S(0.18%), C/H (5.87) was obtained in inorganic with grain yield (3.78 t ha-1). Organic produced the highest chlorophyll total (2.72 mg g-1), C/N (37.89) and harvest index (36.72%) with minimum grain yield (3.74 t ha-1). Hence, organic in conjunction with chemical ferilisers under TPR not only enhances the growth and yield but also improvement of biochemical attributes and grain quality of rice in coastal Odisha.

PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL SORGUM PADA PEMBERIAN BEBERAPA DOSIS PUPUK NPK MAJEMUK DI LAHAN PESISIR

[GROWTH AND YIELDS OF SORGHUM VARIETIES TREATED WITH VARIOUS DOSES OF NPK FERTILIZER IN COASTAL LAND]. Sorghum has a potential to be developed in marginal land in coastal area. Drought stress and low availability of utrients in the coastal area are the main problems in growing sorghum. Introducing the drought tolerance variety is one solution to overcome the drought stress in coastal land in order to improve sorghum yields. In addition, the treatment of NPK fertilizer is needed to fulfill the nutrients requirements for growth and yields. This research aims to determine the best sorghum variety and an appropriate dose of NPK fertilizer for the growing sorghum in coastal land. Field experiment was conducted at the coastal area in Bengkulu City from August until November 2021. The experiment was arranged in Randomized Completely Blok Design with two factors. That were sorghum varieties (Numbu, Super 2 and Kawali) and NPK fertilizer doses (150 kg/ha, 300 kg/ha and 450 kg/ha). The results showed that the interaction between sorghum variety and NPK fertilizer dose were not significant on the growth and sorghum yields. Numbu varieties produced the highest panicle weight per plant of 69.42 gram. The research concluded that Numbu variety showed the best growth and yields compare two other varieties. The maximum growth and yield of sorghum in coastal land were observed at NPK 450 kg/ha dose.

Principal component analysis of JNPT lines of rice for the important traits responsible for yield and quality

In present study, 67 JNPT (Jawahar New Plant Type) lines were evaluated for 28 morphological and quality traits planted in RCBD with three replications. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that out of 28, only eight PCs exhibited more than 1.0 eigen value and showed about 81.84% total variability. For selecting the high yielding genotypes in rice, the characters viz., spikelet density, spikelet fertility, number of tillers plant–1and panicle weight plant–1 may be considered. On the basis of high PC score ten most prominent lines namely JNPT-1059-9, JNPT-1059- 10, JNPT1062-1, JNPT-1062-2, JNPT-1064-9, JNPT-1065-1, JNPT-1065-2, JNPT1065-3, JNPT-1066-52 and JNPT-1068- 65 were identified for yield and quality traits.