A Calculation Method for Vehicle Movement Reconstruction from Videos

This paper proposes a new enhanced method based on one-dimensional direct linear transformation for estimating vehicle movement states in video sequences. The proposed method utilizes a contoured structure of target vehicles, and the data collection procedure is found to be relatively stable and effective, providing a better applicability. The movements of vehicles in the video are captured by active calibration regions while the spatial consistency between the vehicle’s driving track and the calibration information are in sync. The vehicle movement states in the verification phase are estimated using the proposed method first, and then the estimated states are compared with the actual movement states recorded in the experimental test. The results show that, in the case of camera perspective of 90 degrees, in all driving states of low speed, high speed, or deceleration, the error between estimated speed and recorded speed is less than 1.5%, the error of accelerations is less than 7%, and the error of distances is less than 2%; similarly, in the case of camera perspective of 30 degrees, the errors of speeds, distances, and accelerations are less than 4%, 5%, and 10%, respectively. It is found that the proposed method is superior to other existing methods.

Electronic Active Calibration of Fluxgate Magnetometers

Fluxgate magnetometers require calibration methods appropriate to their application levels and particularities; however the development of fully controlled calibration procedures presents a particular challenge regarding the inevitable influence of the local geomagnetic field and other external interferences when a laboratory with magnetically shielded walls is not available. In that context, we discussed the development of an automated calibration method for fluxgate magnetometers, considering those limitations in time and space, and avoiding some of the problems commonly found in other proposed solutions for the same challenge. For this task, we designed and built a new set of high level procedures, electronic systems and software, which perform active testing and automated calibration of fluxgate magnetometers, considering some resource constraints and employing instruments commonly found in electronic calibration laboratories.

Efficient Digital System Management using IEEE 1451.0 Enabled Control Architecture

The IEEE and National Institute of Standards and Technology have formulated an open universal standard called IEEE 1451 for ‘Smart Transducer Interface’ with digital systems. The objectives of this paper is to propose IEEE 21450 enabled control architectures for efficient management of power system with embedded system parameters as electronic documentation. The control architecture accommodates appropriate number of transducer interface module along with transducer electronic data sheet, which enables active calibration, adaptive tuning and failure proof operation of system management.

A systematic comparison of bias correction methods for paleoclimate simulations

Even the most sophisticated global climate models are known to have significant biases in the way they reconstruct the climate system. Correcting model biases is therefore an essential step toward realistic paleoclimatologies, which are crucial for modelling long-term and large-scale ecological dynamics. Here, we evaluate three widely-used bias correction methods – the delta method, generalised additive models and quantile mapping – against a global dataset of empirical temperature and precipitation records from the present, the mid-holocene (∼6,000 years BP), the last glacial maximum (∼21,000 years BP) and the last interglacial period (∼125,000 years BP). Overall, the delta method performs best at minimising the median absolute error between empirical data and debiased simulations for both temperature and precipitation, although there is considerable spatial and temporal variation in the performance of each of the three methods. We indicate that additional empirical reconstructions of past climatic conditions might make it possible to soon use past data not only for the validation but for the active calibration of bias correction functions.