Environment and phenology shape local adaptation in thermal performance

Populations within species often exhibit variation in traits that reflect local adaptation and further shape existing adaptive potential for species to respond to climate change. However, our mechanistic understanding of how the environment shapes trait variation remains poor. Here, we used common garden experiments to quantify thermal performance in eight populations of the marine snail Urosalpinx cinerea across thermal gradients on the Atlantic and the Pacific coasts of North America. We then evaluated the relationship between thermal performance and environmental metrics derived from time-series data. Our results reveal a novel pattern of ‘mixed’ trait performance adaptation, where thermal optima were positively correlated with spawning temperature (cogradient variation), while maximum trait performance was negatively correlated with season length (countergradient variation). This counterintuitive pattern probably arises because of phenological shifts in the spawning season, whereby ‘cold’ populations delay spawning until later in the year when temperatures are warmer compared to ‘warm’ populations that spawn earlier in the year when temperatures are cooler. Our results show that variation in thermal performance can be shaped by multiple facets of the environment and are linked to organismal phenology and natural history. Understanding the impacts of climate change on organisms, therefore, requires the knowledge of how climate change will alter different aspects of the thermal environment.

Severe introduced predator impacts despite attempted functional eradication

Established non-native species can have significant impacts on native biodiversity without any possibility of complete eradication. In such cases, one management approach is functional eradication, the reduction of introduced species density below levels that cause unacceptable effects on the native community. Functional eradication may be particularly effective for species with limited dispersal ability, which may limit rates of reinvasion from distant populations. Here, we evaluate the potential for functional eradication of introduced predatory oyster drills (Urosalpinx cinerea) using a community science approach in San Francisco Bay. We combined observational surveys, targeted removals, and a caging experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of this approach in mitigating the mortality of prey Olympia oysters (Ostrea lurida), a conservation and restoration priority species. Despite the efforts of over 300 volunteers that removed over 30,000 oyster drills, we report limited success and discuss several possible mechanisms for this result with broad relevance to management for this and other introduced species. We also found a strong negative relationship between oyster drills and oysters, showing virtually no coexistence across eight sites. At two removal sites, there was no effect of oyster drill removal on oyster survival, which was only observed by caging treatment (0 and 1.6% survival in open and partial cage treatments, as compared to 89.1% in predator exclusion treatments). We conclude that functional eradication of this species requires significantly greater effort and may not be a viable management strategy. Oyster restoration efforts should not be undertaken where Urosalpinx is established or is likely to invade.

Hewan Intersisi di Pantai Takisung Kabupaten Tanah Laut

Intersection animals generally live on sandy shores or wet soil, living permanently by sticking, hiding away, and burrowing at the bottom of waters. The movement of intersection animals is limited to life in and at the bottom of the water, and is very sensitive to changes in the aquatic environment, so it can be used as a bioindicator of a waters. The aim of this research to identify the types and morphology of intersecting animals in Takisung Beach, Tanah Laut Regency. The study uses descriptive survey method with observation techniques for data collection. The research sample is an intersecting animal found in the research plot. The research plot was determined by the 6 point transect, distance of 5 m between points along 1,500 m. Data were analyzed exploratively using relevant libraries. The results showed that the intersection animals found consisted of 15 types namely: Aurelia aurita, Tachypleus tridentatus, Turritella communis, Cassis tuberosa, Oliva sayana, Murex trapa, Urosalpinx cinerea, Urosalpinx perrugata, Neritina violacea, Comarmondia gracilis, Cryptospira ventricosa, Erosaria miliaris, Anadra granosa, Paphia undulata, and Solen vaginalis.