Gastrointestinal Bleeding among Hospitalizations for Salicylate Poisoning in the United States

Background This study aimed to determine the incidence, as well as evaluate risk factors, and impact of gastrointestinal bleeding on outcomes and resource use in patients admitted for salicylate poisoning. Methods We used the National Inpatient Sample to construct a cohort of patients hospitalized primarily for salicylate poisoning from 2003-2014. We compared clinical characteristics, in-hospital treatments, outcomes, and resource use between salicylate poisoning patients with and without gastrointestinal bleeding. Results Of 13,805 hospital admissions for salicylate poisoning, gastrointestinal bleeding occurred in 482 (3.5%) admissions. The risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding included older age, history of atrial fibrillation, and cirrhosis. After adjusting for difference in baseline characteristics, patients with gastrointestinal bleeding required more gastric lavage, gastrointestinal endoscopy, invasive mechanical ventilation, red blood cell transfusion. Gastrointestinal bleeding was significantly associated with increased risk of anemia, circulatory, liver, and hematological failure but was not significantly associated with increased in-hospital mortality. The length of hospital stay and hospitalization cost was significantly higher in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. Conclusion Gastrointestinal bleeding occurred in about 4% of patients admitted for salicylate poisoning. Gastrointestinal bleeding was associated with higher morbidity and resource use but not mortality.

Carbohydrate metabolism disorders in salicylate poisoning: diagnostic problems and physician’s tactics

Drug poisoning, in particular poisoning with analgesics, is a topical problem in pediatrics. Poisoning signs are diverse, and interdisciplinary collaboration is important for managing these conditions. In this article, we discuss the diagnostic problems of salicylate poisoning, symptoms of which are similar to those in diabetes. In addition, ways to confirm the diagnosis and treatment modalities are described.

Emergencies

This chapter explores cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, neurological, and endocrinological emergencies, including headache, breathlessness, chest pain, coma, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), shock, sepsis, anaphylactic shock, acute coronary syndrome with ST-elevation, acute coronary syndrome without ST-elevation, severe pulmonary oedema, cardiogenic shock, broad complex tachycardia, narrow complex tachycardia, bradycardia, acute severe asthma, acute exacerbations of COPD, pneumothorax, tension pneumothorax, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism (PE), acute upper GI bleeding, meningitis, encephalitis, cerebral abscess, status epilepticus, head injury, raised intracranial pressure (ICP), diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), diabetic emergencies, thyroid emergencies, Addisonian crisis, hypopituitary coma, phaeochromocytoma emergencies, acute poisoning, poisons and their antidotes, paracetamol poisoning, salicylate poisoning, burns, hypothermia, and major disasters