14. Procedural Grounds of Judicial Review

This chapter examines the procedural grounds of judicial review. It discusses how the courts have used the procedural fairness doctrine by reviewing a number of leading cases to identify the values that appear to be shaping the content of the law. The analysis focuses primarily on case law drawn from the ‘modern’ (ie post-1960) era, but several seminal decisions from earlier periods are also considered. The concept of procedural fairness has generated a vast body of case law in the modern era and will continue to do so in future. But the law on this point, even when seen in conjunction with the law relating to the traditional substantive grounds on which government action can be held unlawful, offers only a partial picture of the way in which administrative law fits into the broader constitutional principles of the rule of law and the sovereignty of Parliament.

Overtourism in Iceland: Fantasy or Reality?

Iceland has been one of the main destinations that have been incorporated into the discourse of overtourism. However, Iceland is different to many other supposed overtourism destinations in that its tourism is based on natural areas. Nevertheless, destination discourses can play an important part in influencing tourist decision-making and government and industry policy making. A media analysis was conducted of 507 online media articles on overtourism in Iceland that were published in 2018, with the main themes being identified via content analysis. The results indicated that the media discourse represented only a partial picture of overtourism and the crowding phenomenon in Iceland, with mechanisms to respond to crowding, the satisfaction level of tourists with their Icelandic nature experience, and local people’s support for tourism being underreported. Some of the findings reflect that of other media analyses. However, there are considerable discontinuities between media representations and discourses of overtourism in Iceland, which highlight the importance of national- or destination-level media analysis. The media analysis illustrates the need for a better understanding of different destination discourses and their influence.

Vlach vocal traditional music in the region of Homolje from the legacy of Olivera Mladenovic

Olivera Mladenovic researched Vlach culture in the 1980s. Recordings preserved in the archive of the Institute of Ethnography SASA also contain examples of vocal practice of the Vlachs from Homolje region (Northeast Serbia). The material was recorded on six audio cassettes, which were later digitized. As ethnomusicological studies of this area are very scarce, the recorded material certainly represents a valuable testimony to the musical culture of the Vlach ethnic community. The aim of this article is to determine the particularities of the recorded examples, based on ethnomusicological analysis and transcription, as well as to isolate the vocal genres found on these audio cassettes. Vocal examples from the recordings of Olivera Mladenovic will be paired with existing examples from the literature, as well as examples of current practice recorded by the author of this article. In this way, at least a partial picture of the Vlachs? musical life in Homol?? from the 1980s to the present day will be established, and the comparison will allow us to observe continuity and change.

Finite Hinge Stiffness and its Effect on the Capacity of a Dry-Stack Masonry Arch Subjected to Hinge Control

With each new earthquake the damages to vaulted masonry and their vulnerability are continuously observed. Understanding the behaviour of these systems continues to increase, and reinforcement strategies and techniques are continually advancing. The application of reinforcement is often done such that the failure of the system is transformed directly from one of stability to strength. This direct transformation overlooks the intermittent stages that exist, and thus provides a partial picture of the system. An experimental campaign was carried out to test the capacity of a dry-stack masonry arch subjected to hinge control and failed through a tilting test. From the experimentation, it was observed that controlling the hinge locations can increase the resistance of the arch while also providing a defined failure mechanism, but the capacity of the system was greatly reduced when compared to numerical results. Investigation into the capacity reduction revealed stable mechanical deformations resulting from a non-rigid reinforced base joint. This work focuses on the relationship between capacity and stable deformations to calculate a rotational stiffness value for the non-rigid reinforced base joint.

Improving the methodology for technical assessment of the linear part of main gas pipelines

Today evaluation of the technical assessment of the linear part of main gas pipeline is one of the most important tasks of pipeline operation. However, many assessment methodologies provide only a partial picture of the technical condition and don’t take into account the conditions for pipeline laying. This article discusses the improvement of methods for technical assessment of main gas pipelines.

Evaluating electoral management body capacity

Electoral management bodies (EMBs) perform many functions crucial to promoting electoral integrity, from registering voters to resolving post-election disputes. The capacity of an EMB to perform its tasks, however, is difficult to measure in cross-national perspective. Data on resources and personnel provide only a partial picture of EMB capacity and expert surveys are limited in their comparability. This article presents a new proxy for measuring EMB capacity. It employs a content analysis of EMB websites in 99 countries to measure the presence of indicators of their major functions. It assesses the measurement validity of this new measure of capacity and conducts a small-scale test to determine whether EMBs that score highly do actively communicate with their citizens. An application of this new measure of EMB capacity demonstrates its importance in predicting overall electoral integrity, indicating its importance for future scholarly and policy research.

14. Procedural Grounds of Judicial Review

This chapter examines the procedural grounds of judicial review. It discusses how the courts have used the procedural fairness doctrine by reviewing a number of leading cases to identify the values that appear to be shaping the content of the law. The analysis focuses on case law drawn from the ‘modern’ (ie post-1960) era, but several seminal decisions from earlier periods are also considered. The concept of procedural fairness has generated a vast body of case law in the modern era and will continue to do so in future. But the law on this point, even when seen in conjunction with the law relating to the traditional substantive grounds on which government action can be held unlawful, offers only a partial picture of the way in which administrative law fits into the broader constitutional principles of the rule of law and the sovereignty of Parliament.