THE YACYRETA HOUSING COMPLEX: 20 YEARS LATER

Dams tend to have both positive and negative social, economic and environmental impacts in their area of influence. This article focuses on the social impacts, especially those related to the housing of the relocated population in the San Roque Gonzalez de Santa Cruz neighborhood, also known as the Arroyo Pora Housing Complex, located in the municipality of Cambyreta (Paraguay), 20 years after the first wave of relocations (1999). The objective of the study is to describe the current situation of these housing units, considering aspects such as housing tenure, conformity, modifications and maintenance, to mention some variables, according to the passage of time. For this purpose, it uses a semi-structured survey to a sample of the aforementioned population. The study found that the displaced population had to adapt the house given to them for relocation purposes to their needs, mainly due to an increase in the population per family unit. Additionally, during this research new owners were identified, as well as caretakers and tenants, who settled after the relocation period, resulting in a loss of homogeneity of the population. These situations could indicate that the recommendations related to the management of involuntary resettlement processes were not taken into account in this case.

THE ISSUE OF THE INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT UPON IMPLEMENTATION OF MINERAL MINING AND PROCESSING PROJECTS

This article concentrates on the issue of the involuntary resettlement upon implementation of mining and processing projects. This study is aimed to substantiate the requirement of careful and timely planning, undertaking mapping of stakeholders and an integrated approach in case of involuntary resettlement issue is arisen, if there is no other option of a mining project development that excludes the involuntary resettlement as the involuntary resettlement is a significant social risk leading to irreversible negative consequences both for communities and enterprises implementing it.

ANALISIS MODAL SOSIAL DAN KOMPENSASI TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN RUMAH TANGGA (STUDI KASUS RUMAH TANGGA RESETTLEMENT DI SUMATERA BARAT)

Salah satu tujuan involuntary resettlement adalah untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan rumah tangga bukan untuk membuat rumah tangga menjadi miskin. Namun faktanya, banyak program involuntary resettlement membuat kehidupan rumah tangga tidak lebih baik dari sebelumya. Untuk mengkaji kondisi kesejahteraan rumah tangga digunakan indikator kebahagian yang terdiri dari 10 indikator. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel sebanyak 100 KK di dua desa yaitu Tanjung Balik dan Tanjung Pauh, Kecamatan Pangkalan Koto Baru Kabupaten 50 Kota Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Dalam penelitian ini kompensasi dan modal sosial merupakan dua variabelyang berpengaruh terhadap kesejahteraan rumah tangga. Kompensasi yang diterima merupakan kondisi awal dari rumah tangga yang dipindahkan untuk menkonstruksi kehidupan mereka yang baru. Kemudian, modal sosial juga sangat mempengaruhi kondisi kesejahteraan rumah tangga.Hasil analisis structural equation model (SEM) menunjukkan bahwa kompensasi berpengaruh positif terhadap kesejahteraan rumah tangga sedangkan modal social tidak berpengaruh. Kata kunci: involuntary resettlement, kompensasi, modal sosial

(2018) Involuntary Resettlement as an Opportunity for Development: The Case of Urban Resettlers of the New Tehri Town, Journal of Land and Rural Studies 6(2) 1–25

The rebuilding of livelihoods in the involuntary resettlement is commonly based on providing compensation to those who are displaced along with the creation of employment and income opportunities to sustain their livelihoods. Unlike rural resettlement, urban resettlement is very complex as it involves providingbusiness opportunities, urban-based employment and income. The article examined the resettlement of displaced families affected by Tehri Hydro PowerProject by constructing an entirely new town ‘New Tehri Town’ (NTT) by using impoverishment risks and reconstruction (IRR) framework developed by Cernea(1997, World Development, 25(10), 1569–1587). The result shows that projectaffected families (PAFs) are better off in NTT in terms of community amenities, income and employment opportunities and in terms of increase in value of houses, but traditional employment opportunities have been lost, they have to searchfor new jobs and livelihoods. The R&R policies in urban areas should focus on improving skill sets of the people along with increased income and employmentopportunities through the development of market and business opportunities.