240 Research Model of Colostrum Intake to Study Effect of Colostrum Bioactive Factors on Piglets Development

Swine colostrum intake within the first 24 hours after birth plays a large role in determining survivability, feed efficiency, growth, and fertility. This study tested the effects of feeding three doses of a homogeneous colostrum sample on BW over 24h, RT, immunocrit, and growth through PND7. Three female piglets were selected from eight litters at birth (n = 24 piglets total; n = 3/liter), and bottle-fed 10% (COL10, n = 8), 15% (COL15, n = 8) or 20% (COL20, n = 8) BW colostrum over 24h. Piglet birth weights were similar between treatments (P = 0.838). Piglets were weighed, RT recorded and immunocrit measured at 24h postnatal, then returned to their litter of origin. BW was recorded daily through PND7. At 24h, COL20 had an ADG of 136.3g, COL15 86.3g, and COL10 8.8g, and an average RT of 39.30⁰C, 38.84⁰C and 38.81⁰C respectively. Immunocrit levels varied from 0.028, 0.024 and 0.017 at 24h. SAS MIXED procedure was used to perform statistical analysis. Post-hoc analysis was performed using Tukey’s test. Colostrum dose had an effect on 24h weight gain (P < 0.001), RT (P = 0.007), immunocrit (P = 0.026), and growth through PND7 (P < 0.05). Treatment, day and interaction were determined as main effects of BW and ADG through PND7. Post-hoc analysis showed COL20 had higher ADG (136.3±54.8g), RT (39.30±0.11°C) and immunocrit (0.028±0.010) at 24h than COL10 (ADG 8.8±24.9g, RT 38.81±0.26°C, immunocrit 0.017±0.004). COL15 ADG (86.3±85.2g) differed from COL10 (P < 0.001), and RT (38.84±0.45) differed from COL20 (P = 0.017). There was no statistical difference in ADG between groups through PND7 (P = 0.874). One piglet within each treatment was crushed before PND7. This model permits controlled studies intended to understand the level of 24h colostrum intake on piglet growth and development using standardized, homogenous colostrum doses.

PSV-6 Effect of Farrowing Induction on the Farrowing Process and Piglet Survivability

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of farrowing induction on the farrowing process and piglet livability on a commercial sow farm. Sows (n=594) were blocked by parity (P0, P1, or P2+) and randomly allotted to one of three treatment groups; no induction (CON), or 1cc prostaglandin the morning of d115 followed by either 1cc prostaglandin 6 hours later (LUT) or 0.25cc oxytocin 6 hours later (LO). Sows that farrowed within 6 hours of their initial prostaglandin remained on the study as a separate treatment group (LUT1). Sows that did not farrow by d117 were induced and removed from study. A total of 279 farrowings, resulting in 3,996 piglets born, were attended and details of the farrowing process recorded. During farrowing a 5ml colostrum sample was collected for evaluation of total protein and fat. Sows were followed after weaning and subsequent reproductive performance was recorded. As expected, LUT1 farrowing date was earlier than the other three treatments (P< 0.0001). Farrowing duration was not different among treatments (P=0.2986, average 3.5–3.9 hours). Farrowing induction did not affect NBA (P=0.124), total born (P=0.187), percent mummies (P=0.925), or percent stillborns (P=0.687). Individual piglet birth weights were lower in LUT1 when compared to CON, LUT and LO (3.00 vs 3.07, 3.09 and 3.12 lbs, P=0.011). The number of piglets requiring assistance during farrowing was greater for LUT and LUT1 (21% and 21.3%) compared to CON and LO (15.1% and 17.5%, P=0.003). The number of piglets born with broken umbilical cords was higher in LUT (39.6%) compared to all other treatments (CON=33.3%, LO=33.5%, LUT1=32.8%, P=0.002). Pre-weaning survivability was not different among treatments (CON=82.3%, LUT=80.7%, LO=81.4%, LUT1=81.6%, P=0.738). Colostrum from CON tended to have higher fat compared to LUT, LO and LUT1 (9.2 vs 8.3, 8.1 and 8.6%, P=0.0168). No differences in wean-to-first service, total born, percent stillborns, or percent mummies were found in subsequent farrowings.

A standardized model to study effects of varying 24-h colostrum dose on postnatal growth and development

Survival, feed efficiency, growth, and fertility of swine are dependent on colostrum intake in the first 24 h after birth. This study determined the effects of three doses of a homogeneous colostrum sample on 24-h body weight, rectal temperature (RT), immunocrit, and growth and survival to postnatal day (PND) 7. Three female piglets were selected from eight litters (n = 24 piglets) at birth, removed from their litter, and bottle-fed 10% (COL10, n = 8), 15% (COL15, n = 8), or 20% (COL20, n = 8) colostrum based on birth weight over 12 bottle feedings every 2 h. At 24 h, piglets were weighed, RT recorded, and blood was collected to measure immunocrit. Piglets were returned to the litter of origin, and weight was measured daily until PND 7. Colostrum dose had an overall effect on weight gain at 24 h, RT, immunocrit, and growth to PND 7 (P < 0.05). Piglets in the 20% BrW colostrum group had greater weight gain, RT, and immunocrit at 24 h than COL10 piglets (P < 0.05), but these variables were not different between COL15 and the other treatments. Despite no difference in average daily gain after being returned to their litters, the greater weight (P < 0.05) in COL20 compared to COL10 and COL15 was sustained over 7 d. Seven piglets in each treatment survived to PND 7. This model using standardized doses of a homogeneous colostrum sample enables controlled studies aimed at understanding the role of 24-h colostrum intake on piglet development.

398 Effects of protein level and supplemental methionine in late-gestation on colostrum quality and passive immunity transfer in beef cattle

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of metabolizable protein (MP) level and supplemental rumen-protected methionine (RPM) on colostrum quality and passive immunity transfer from beef cows fed during late-gestation. One hundred and forty-seven pregnant Angus crossbred cows and heifers were randomly assigned to one of six dietary treatments based on a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement. Diets included feeding to 90%, 100% and 110% MP requirements (NRC, 2016), offered with (without) 9 g/d of RPM. Cattle were individually fed a partially mixed ration (60% haylage/40% straw for cows; 70% haylage/30% straw for heifers) with supplements top-dressed daily for approximately 56 d prior to calving. Immediately after calving, a colostrum sample was collected from each dam for analysis of milk components, total protein, and IgG concentrations. Two d post-calving, serum samples were collected from each calf for analysis of total protein and IgG concentrations. A refractometer was used to estimate total protein as a preliminary estimate of the transfer of maternal IgG and total IgG concentrations were later determined using Radial Immunodiffusion (RID). Data were analyzed as a completely randomized block design using Proc GLIMMIX in SAS. Level of MP, RPM, and their interaction did not influence concentrations of fat, protein, BHB or SCC in colostrum (P ≥ 0.12). Supplementation of RPM decreased concentrations of MUN (45.92 vs. 54.51 ±3.17 mg/dl; P = 0.04), but did not change IgG (14.66 vs. 15.90 ±0.87 g/dl; P = 0.29). While MP level during gestation did not affect total protein or IgG concentrations in calf serum (P ≥ 0.64), providing supplemental RPM decreased total protein (5.79 vs. 6.33 ±0.13 g/dl; P = 0.002) and IgG concentrations in calf serum (3.44 vs. 4.30 ±0.25 g/dl; P = 0.01). These results suggest that providing supplemental methionine for beef cows during gestation may alter colostrum quality and decrease serum protein and IgG in offspring.

361 Increasing duration of feeding high dietary lysine and energy before farrowing on colostrum quality and yield in mixed parity sows

A total of 472 mixed parity sows were used from d 106 of gestation until weaning to determine the effects of Lys and energy intake in the last 7 d before farrowing on colostrum production, composition, and immunoglobulin G concentrations. On d 106 of gestation, sows were weighed, blocked by parity and weight, and allotted to dietary treatments. Treatments were based on corn-soybean meal diets fed to provide 1) 12.5 g SID Lys and 6.5 Mcal/d ME from d 107 to 112 of gestation, then 28 g SID Lys and 9.4 Mcal/d ME from until farrowing; 2) 12.5 g SID Lys and 6.5 Mcal/d ME from d 107 to 112 of gestation, then 40 g SID Lys and 13.3 Mcal/d ME from until farrowing; 3) 40 g SID Lys and 13.3 Mcal/d ME from d 107 of gestation until farrowing. After birth of the first piglet, a 50 mL colostrum sample was collected. Colostrum samples were analyzed for fat, protein, total solids, lactose, and IgG concentrations. Individual piglets were weighed at birth and 24 h to determine colostrum intake and yield. Data was analyzed for treatment within parity and treatment main effects. There was a treatment within parity difference observed where sows on treatment 3 had decreased (P < 0.05) fat and total solids concentrations compared to treatment 1 sows, with no evidence for difference within gilts. IgG concentrations tended to increase (P = 0.081) in females fed treatment 2 compared to treatment 1, regardless of parity. Total protein and lactose concentrations as well as colostrum intake and yield were similar across treatments, regardless of parity. In conclusion, feeding high Lys and energy for 7 d before farrowing decreased fat and solid concentrations in colostrum in sows, but did not impact other colostrum nutrients or colostrum production.

Suckler cow colostrum yield and immunoglobulin concentrations and their calves' serum immunoglobulin concentrations

The objective of this experiment was to study colostrum yields and immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations and subsequent calf serum Ig concentrations using mature suckler cows adequately fed pre-partum or severely feed restricted for the last 2 weeks of preganancy and 2 year old replacements heifers.Cows from a Limousin x Friesian spring calving suckler herd were used. There were 3 treatments 1) cows adequately fed pre-partum (second cut grass silage) (n=12) 2) , cows severely feed restricted for 2 weeks pre-partum (straw diet) (n=6) and, 3) two year old heifers calving for the first time and adequately fed (n=6). All animals were offered a suitable mineral/vitamin supplement. Colostrum yield was obtained by hand milking half the udder following an intramuscular oxytocin injection. Colostrum was then sampled. The objective was to feed the calf an allowance of 50g of colostrum /kg bodyweight via stomach tube. Actual colostrum intakes (g/kg bodyweight ± S.E.) were 47 ± 1.4, 48 ± 2.3 and 46 ± 1.9 for treatments 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Following an eight hour period when the calf was prevented from suckling (but left in the presence of the dam) a colostrum sample was obtained (2nd milking), the calf was blood sampled and then allowed to suckle as normal.

Suckler cow colostrum yield and immunoglobulin concentrations and their calves' serum immunoglobulin concentrations

The objective of this experiment was to study colostrum yields and immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations and subsequent calf serum Ig concentrations using mature suckler cows adequately fed pre-partum or severely feed restricted for the last 2 weeks of preganancy and 2 year old replacements heifers.Cows from a Limousin x Friesian spring calving suckler herd were used. There were 3 treatments 1) cows adequately fed pre-partum (second cut grass silage) (n=12) 2) , cows severely feed restricted for 2 weeks pre-partum (straw diet) (n=6) and, 3) two year old heifers calving for the first time and adequately fed (n=6). All animals were offered a suitable mineral/vitamin supplement. Colostrum yield was obtained by hand milking half the udder following an intramuscular oxytocin injection. Colostrum was then sampled. The objective was to feed the calf an allowance of 50g of colostrum /kg bodyweight via stomach tube. Actual colostrum intakes (g/kg bodyweight ± S.E.) were 47 ± 1.4, 48 ± 2.3 and 46 ± 1.9 for treatments 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Following an eight hour period when the calf was prevented from suckling (but left in the presence of the dam) a colostrum sample was obtained (2nd milking), the calf was blood sampled and then allowed to suckle as normal.