PSV-6 Effect of Farrowing Induction on the Farrowing Process and Piglet Survivability

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 209-210
Author(s):  
Larissa K Shirley ◽  
Katie Brown ◽  
Caleb M Shull ◽  
Amanda Minton
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
The Other ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Colostrum Sample ◽  
Separate Treatment ◽  
Umbilical Cords

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effect of farrowing induction on the farrowing process and piglet livability on a commercial sow farm. Sows (n=594) were blocked by parity (P0, P1, or P2+) and randomly allotted to one of three treatment groups; no induction (CON), or 1cc prostaglandin the morning of d115 followed by either 1cc prostaglandin 6 hours later (LUT) or 0.25cc oxytocin 6 hours later (LO). Sows that farrowed within 6 hours of their initial prostaglandin remained on the study as a separate treatment group (LUT1). Sows that did not farrow by d117 were induced and removed from study. A total of 279 farrowings, resulting in 3,996 piglets born, were attended and details of the farrowing process recorded. During farrowing a 5ml colostrum sample was collected for evaluation of total protein and fat. Sows were followed after weaning and subsequent reproductive performance was recorded. As expected, LUT1 farrowing date was earlier than the other three treatments (P< 0.0001). Farrowing duration was not different among treatments (P=0.2986, average 3.5–3.9 hours). Farrowing induction did not affect NBA (P=0.124), total born (P=0.187), percent mummies (P=0.925), or percent stillborns (P=0.687). Individual piglet birth weights were lower in LUT1 when compared to CON, LUT and LO (3.00 vs 3.07, 3.09 and 3.12 lbs, P=0.011). The number of piglets requiring assistance during farrowing was greater for LUT and LUT1 (21% and 21.3%) compared to CON and LO (15.1% and 17.5%, P=0.003). The number of piglets born with broken umbilical cords was higher in LUT (39.6%) compared to all other treatments (CON=33.3%, LO=33.5%, LUT1=32.8%, P=0.002). Pre-weaning survivability was not different among treatments (CON=82.3%, LUT=80.7%, LO=81.4%, LUT1=81.6%, P=0.738). Colostrum from CON tended to have higher fat compared to LUT, LO and LUT1 (9.2 vs 8.3, 8.1 and 8.6%, P=0.0168). No differences in wean-to-first service, total born, percent stillborns, or percent mummies were found in subsequent farrowings.

Reproductive performance of group-synchronized Merino d'Arles and Romanov crossbred ewes. 1. A note on the effects of lactation on fecundity

1977 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Galindez ◽  
M. Prud'hon ◽  
G. Reboul
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Superiority

SUMMARYFifty-six Merino d'Aries and 56 Romanov × Merino crossbred lactating ewes were divided into two treatment groups, one (T1) with a ewe-to-ram ratio of 48: 1 (24 Merino and 24 crossbred) and the other (T2) of 64: 1 (32 Merino and 32 crossbred).Intravaginal sponges with 40 mg FGA (Searle) were inserted in two subgroups at 8-day intervals and withdrawn after 12 and 16 days in situ, in four equal groups at 4-day intervals. A dose of 400 IU pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) was applied at sponge withdrawal.Fertility after two oestrous cycles was equally satisfactory in both treatments, though it was lower in treatment group T2. This could be due to the significantly low (P<0·01) number of Merino ewes raddled by the T2 ram (0·33 Merino against 0·92 crossbred) suggesting preferential behaviour by the ram in this treatment.Comparisons between breeds show a slight superiority in the fertility of crossbred ewes and a highly significant superiority in prolificacy These results suggest that using the described method, 2% of rams seems more than adequate to mate with progestagen-synchronized ewes with a satisfactory fertility level. It is, however, recommended to use homogeneous groups of ewes.

Effect of prolonged undernutrition on the recovery and reproductive performance of maiden Merino ewes

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (24) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
P McInnes ◽  
TJ Grainger ◽  
MD Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
The Mean

Data are presented on the recovery and reproductive performance of 2 1/2-year-old maiden Merino ewes after a prolonged period of undernutrition. The 217 sheep had been hand-fed on a submaintenance ration in pen feeding trials at Glenfield, New South Wales. During the seven months of the trials they had lost 6 kg (28 to 22 kg) body weight. They were transported to Condobolin in south-western New South Wales, divided into two treatment groups and run on good quality pastures. One group was joined immediately (May 1959) and again ten months later, and the other group was mated after six months at Condobolin (in October 1959) and again 12 months later. The ewes recovered rapidly. The mean weight of both groups had reached 30 kg within six weeks and 40 kg within six months. In the first year 73 of the 100 May-mated ewes bore lambs, but only 38 of these lambs were weaned. Ewes bearing lambs had a higher body weight at the start of joining and gained more during joining than the barren ewes. At the other three joinings (October 1959, May 1960, October 1960) lambing percentage was from 86-89 and weaning percentage from 62-69-both normal for the district. The proportion of twin lambs (3-6 per cent) was low. Wool weight in 1959 was not affected by time of mating or by pregnancy.

A Comparison of Achievement and Attitudes of Students Using Conventional or Calculator-Based Algorithms for Operations on Positive Rational Numbers in Ninth-Grade General Mathematics

1975 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-108
Author(s):  
William L. Gaslin
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Rational Numbers ◽  
Ninth Grade ◽  
The Other ◽  
Algorithmic Approach ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Third ◽  
Alternative Algorithm ◽  
Neutral Material ◽  
Major Variable

This study investigated 3 strategies for performing operations on rational numbers in ninth-grade general mathematics. Performed at 2 Minneapolis area schools using samples of 48 and 53 students, operations on rational numbers were taught by (a) the conventional algorithmic approach, (b) the conventional algorithmic approach with calculators, and (c) an alternative algorithm approach through which students changed each fractional operand to a decimal on the calculator. The major variable examined was achievement (transfer of skill to seminovel situations and retention), and another variable considered was attitude. The results showed that the third treatment group performed significantly better (p <.01p<.01) than the other 2 treatment groups and retained that skill to a significantly greater extent (p<.01p<.01) after 2 weeks studying neutral material. The third treatment group also performed better on ordering rational numbers, estimating fractional values, and working with rational numbers involving more than 1 operand or more than 2 operations than the other 2 groups. No differences in attitude were found.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of reproductive performance of artificially inseminated and naturally mated Nigeria indigenous hens treated with clomiphene citrate

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-202
Author(s):  
S. M. O. C. Urom
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group A ◽  
Natural Mating ◽  
Group B

The research was conducted for 90 days using 96 and 16 Nigeria indigenous hens and cocks respectively sexually matured (24 and 26 weeks old) to comparatively evaluate the effect of clomiphene citrate on the reproductive performance of Nigerian indigenous birds. The birds were divided into 2 groups of 48 hens per group respectively as group Aand group B. Group A were artificially inseminated while group B birds were naturally mated. Each group was divided into 4 treatment groups of 12 hens per treatment. Clomiphene citrate was administered at 0mg (control), 10mg, 20mg and 30mg levels to the treatment groups represented as T1AI T2AI T3AI and T4AI and T1NM , T2NU , T3NN and T4NM for artificially inseminated and Naturally mated hens respectively and T1C T2C T3C and T4C for the cocks. The birds were fed adlibitum with breeder's mash for hens and growers mash for cock while water was served regularly. Seven days after clomiphene citrate was administered. Birds for natural mating were paired with their respective cocks according to their treatment groups, while those for artificial insemination were inseminated using cocks in the same treatment group. The ration was 2:12. The result of this study indicated higher productivity in artificially inseminated hens between (50-76 eggs) than naturally mated hens which produce between 42-63 eggs within this period. Artificial insemination also showed higher fertility of (62 to 85.25%) than the naturally mated that recorded between 34.88% to 78.5% fertility but the naturally mated recorded hatchability of between 53.35% and 90.90% while artificially inseminated hens recorded between 46.15% and 90.32%. Artificial inseminated birds recorded between 3.7% and 33.85% and 3.57% and 20.15% dead in germ and dead in shell respectively, while naturally mated hens recorded between 3.78% and 19.21%, and 2.01% and 15.79% in dead in germ and dead in shell respectively. The result of this study shows that artificial inseminated birds treated with clomiphene citrate encourages egg production and fertility.

INFLUENCE OF FEED ALLOWANCE DURING PREGNANCY ON REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF EWES AND GROWTH OF SUCKLED AND ARTIFICIALLY REARED LAMBS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. LODGE ◽  
D. P. HEANEY
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
Ad Libitum

Eighty mature ewes (Rambouillet × Columbia type) were allocated on the basis of initial weight among four pregnancy treatments: (T1) fed a maintenance level throughout; (T2) fed the same total as T1 but distributed so as to increase exponentially from 15% below maintenance post-mating to 57% above maintenance by parturition; (T3) fed 80% of maintenance throughout; (T4) the same as T3 except ewes were resheared after mating. At lambing each treatment group was subdivided so that half the ewes reared their lambs, while those from the other half were reared, from within 16 h of birth, on milk replacer to 7 wk of age. Postpartum feed allowances for the ewes were ad libitum for the first 35 days, after which those not lactating were reduced to maintenance while those suckling lambs were given a recommended allowance for lactation. From 9 to 12 wk, all were fed a maintenance level. All ewes lost weight from conception to immediate postpartum but there were highly significant differences between treatments, with treatment 2 losing the least (4.5%) and treatment 4 losing the most (25%). Lamb birth weights were also significantly different, with treatment 2 heavier and treatments 3 and 4 lighter than treatment 1. Among suckled lambs, survival was 100% on treatments 1 and 2 but only 67 and 44%, respectively, on treatments 3 and 4. With artificial rearing, survival on treatments 1 to 4, respectively, was 45, 80, 56 and 30%. Birth weight did not influence survival among artificially reared lambs but suckled lamb survivors were approximately 50% heavier at birth than those which died. Suckled lambs were 33% heavier at 12 wk than artificially reared lambs, partly through faster early growth but mainly through a growth check in the latter following termination of milk replacer at 7 wk.

Weaning at birth: the effect on the reproduction of the sow

1985 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Varley ◽  
T. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Large White ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThirty-six Landrace × Large White sows were allocated at random to one of three treatment groups. Sows on treatment A (no. = 6) did not lactate at all and the piglets from these sows were removed at birth. Sows on treatment B (no. = 15) lactated for 1 day after parturition and sows on treatment C (no. = 15) acted as controls and lactated for 42 days. The reproductive performance of each treatment group was recorded and all sows were bled every 2nd day from parturition to 30 days post partum. All blood samples were assessed for oestradiol-17β and progesterone concentrations. In treatments A and B, a high proportion of anoestrous sows was seen (0·28). None of the sows in treatment C became anoestrous. The mean interval from weaning to the onset of oestrus for treatments A and B (19·0 (s.e. 6·5) days and 19·7 (s.e. 3·8) days respectively) were not significantly different, while that for treatment C (5·6 (s.e. 0·4) days) was significantly shorter (P < 0·01). The number of piglets born alive at the subsequent farrowing for treatments A, B and C respectively was 7·3 (s.e. 0·8), 9·1 (s.e. 0·8) and 10·5 (s.e. 0·67) (P < 0·05). The calculated annual sow productivity (piglets born alive per sow per year), excluding the first litter born, for treatments A, B and C respectively was 18·4, 22·8 and 22·9. Weaning at, or close to, parturition did not, therefore, influence sow productivity compared with weaning after 6 weeks of lactation.

scholarly journals Exploring Environmental Issues: Places We Live

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Haines ◽  
Ronald Hermann Hermann
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Content Knowledge ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
The Other ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Project Learning ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Project Learning Tree

The Project Learning Tree curriculum Exploring Environmental Issues: Places We Live was evaluated using a quasi-experimental research design that consisted of  pre/post inter vention assessments measuring differences in self-assessed content knowledge, researcher assessed content knowledge, and attitudes.  Treatment groups consisted of  two randomly assigned groups, one group completed 3-lessons and the other group completed 6-lessons.  Analysis indicated the 6-lesson treatment group demonstrated significant gains in all three categories, while the 3-lesson group exhibited significant gains in self-assessed content knowledge. The results suggest that the curriculum is valuable in delivering placebased educational content.

scholarly journals Cellulase Interacts with Lactic Acid Bacteria to Affect Fermentation Quality, Microbial Community, and Ruminal Degradability in Mixed Silage of Soybean Residue and Corn Stover

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 334
Author(s):  
Chao Zhao ◽  
Lihua Wang ◽  
Guangming Ma ◽  
Xin Jiang ◽  
Jinshan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Cellulase Treatment ◽  
Fermentation Quality

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and cellulase (CE) on the fermentation quality, rumen degradation rate and bacterial community of mixed silage of soybean residue (SR) and corn stover (CS). The experiment adopted a single-factor experimental design. Four treatment groups were set up: the control group (CON), lactic acid bacteria treatment group (LAB), cellulase treatment group (CE) and lactic acid bacteria + cellulase treatment group (LAB + CE). Among them, the amount of added LAB was 1 × 106 CFU/g, and the amount of added CE was 100 U/g. After 56 days of mixed silage, samples were taken and analyzed, and the chemical composition, fermentation quality, rumen degradation rate and microbial diversity were determined. The results showed that the pH of each treatment group was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that of CON, while the lactic acid and ammoniacal nitrogen contents of each treatment group were significantly higher than that of CON, with the highest contents in the LAB + CE group. The contents of DNFom (Ash-free NDF), ADFom (Ash-free ADF) and DM in the LAB + CE group were significantly lower than those in the CON group, while the content of crude protein (CP) was significantly higher than that in the CON group. The in situ effective degradation rates of DM (ISDMD), DNF (ISNDFD) and CP (ISCPD) were all significantly (p < 0.05) higher in each treatment group than in the control group. The results of principal component analysis showed that the bacterial composition of the LAB, CE and LAB + CE groups was significantly different from that of the CON group (p < 0.05). Bacterial genus level analysis showed that the content of lactic acid bacteria was significantly higher in the LAB + CE group than in the other treatment groups (p < 0.05), while the content of undesirable bacteria was significantly lower than in the other treatment groups. The results showed that the addition of Lactobacillus and/or cellulase in mixed silage of SR and CS could effectively improve the quality of mixed silage fermentation, rumen degradation rate and microbial diversity, with better results when Lactobacillus and cellulase were added together, which provides new ideas for better application of SR and CS in dairy production.

Studies in sow reproduction 4. The effect of level of feeding in lactation and during the interval from weaning to remating on the subsequent reproductive performance of the early-weaned sow

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Varley ◽  
D. J. A. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Enzootic Pneumonia ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group Control ◽  
Sow Reproduction

SummarySeventy-five enzootic pneumonia-free female pigs (sows) were allocated at random to one of five treatment groups. Four of these groups were weaned following a 10-day lactation period and were fed either 2 or 4 kg per day in lactation and either 2 or 4 kg per day from weaning to remating, such that the patterns of feeding for the four groups in the two periods were: 4 kg, 4 kg (HH); 4 kg, 2 kg (HL); 2 kg, 4 kg (LH) and 2 kg, 2 kg (LL). A fifth treatment group (control) was weaned following a 42-day lactation period and was fed up to 6·3 kg/day, depending on litter size and 2·7 kg/day from weaning to remating. Level of feeding for the four early-weaned groups in both lactation and in the interval from weaning to remating significantly (P < 0·001) affected the weight changes of the sows during these periods. The interval from weaning to oestrus for the early-weaned sows (8·2 days) was significantly (P < 0·001) greater than for the control sows (4·5 days), but this interval was not affected by level of feeding either in lactation or in the remating period for the early-weaned sows. Litter size at the subsequent farrowing for the early-weaned sows (9·3 piglets) was significantly (P < 0·001) less than litter size for the control sows (12·0 piglets). Level of feeding in lactation or in the weaning to remating period had no effect on subsequent litter size of the early-weaned sows.

Evaluation of unconventional poultry feed in broilers

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Group I ◽  
Unconventional Feed

Background: Commercial broiler is a rapidly growing sector in Bangladesh. The broilers are supplied with the balanced ration prepared from a number of ingredients which are not available uniformly throughout the years. On the other hands, manufactured feeds are costly and inconvenient for the rural farmers. This study is undertaken to use unconventional feed ingredients aiming to decrease the broiler production cost. Method: A total of ninety-nine day- old broiler chicks (Hubbard) of either sex were used in this study in 3 treatment groups to assess processed unconventional feed item (shoti, blood meal, poultry dropping and molasses) on growth and profitability upon rearing for 60 days. Broilers were reared in dip litter system and were fed ad libitum on conventional and unconventional diet dividing into 3 treatment diets namely, treatment diet 1 (T1: Conventional as control), treatment diet 2 (T2: unconventional with blood meal and shoti), and treatment diet 3 (T3: unconventional with blood meal, shoti, poultry droppings and molasses) throughout the trial period. Treatment group 1 (T1) was used as control. Results: Broilers fed on control diet (conventional feed) achieved higher (P<0.01) body weight, while the broilers offered diets with the highest amount of unconventional feed had the lowest body weight. Increased (P<0.01) feed intake was observed during 21days and 49 days of age when broilers fed diets with the supplementation, but no significant differences were found among the groups in terms of feed consumption during 33 day of age. FCR differed significantly (P<.01) throughout the trial period with the broilers fed diets without supplementation of unconventional feed item had the superior FCR than the others. Mortality rate was 6.06%,9.09%, and 9.09% in treatment group I, treatment group II, and treatment group III respectively while live weights, feed conversion and feed consumption was unaffected by all the dietary groups with/without incorporation of unconventional feed item up to day 60 days of age. Statistically significant (P<0.01) decreased live weight was observed among the treatment groups in 60-day-old birds. Productivity and cost-benefit analysis were performed. Conclusion: Use of unconventional feed ingredients in broiler production greatly reduces the feed cost with little hampering the growth rate and hence, it is profitable for the farmers.

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