Madness as a figure in the thought of Desiderius Erasmus

The work called Praise of Folly, written by Desiderius Erasmus, the shining star of the Renaissance, is the focus of this study. The problem of insanity is one of the issues that has been dealt with from different perspectives at different times in the history of thought. In his best-known work, which has survived to the present day, Erasmus aims to confuse his readers by presenting a reversed understanding of madness. The main character of the work, which is written in satirical style, is madness (stultitia), criticizing what are known as human virtues, and presenting the service of man's soul side as the highest virtue. The madness of Erasmus, who tried to tell the truth with laughter, was both appreciated and ruthlessly criticized in the following years. ​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. Özet Rönesans’ın parlayan yıldızı Desiderius Erasmus tarafından kaleme alınan Deliliğe Övgü adlı eser bu çalışmanın odak noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Delilik sorunu düşünce tarihinin farklı zamanlarında birbirinden farklı bakış açılarıyla ele alınan konulardan biridir. Günümüze kadar gelen ve en bilinen eserinde Erasmus, tersinden bir delilik anlayışı sunarak okurunda kafa karışıklığı uyandırmayı amaçlar. Hiciv tarzında kaleme alınan eserde başkarakter olan delilik (stultitia), insani erdemler olarak bilinen ne varsa yermekte, insanın nefsani yönüne hizmet etmesini en yüce meziyet olarak sunmaktadır. Hakikati güldürerek anlatmaya çalışan Erasmus’un deliliği sonraki yıllarda hem çok takdir görmüş hem de acımasızca eleştirilmiştir.

Czechoslovak Post-Stalinism: A Distinct Field of Socialist Visions

Recent historical research has looked at post-Stalinism as a specific and distinct historical era. Whereas Anatoly Pinsky points to the post-Stalinist emphasis on subjectivity, Pavel Kolář writes about post-Stalinist indecisiveness resulting from the tension between its inheritance from the past and an anticipated future. Having both approaches in mind, this article sheds light on the anticipatory character of post-Stalinist thought, which, by critically analyzing its present, aimed to achieve a socialist future. The opening part of the article articulates a theory of modernity, which is applied to the history of thought and is employed as a general framework for defining the post-Stalinist era. Second, the authors introduce the category of post-Stalinist reflexivity and analyze internal differentiation within the thought of the party intelligentsia, which led to the birth of various conceptions of socialism (an “internal plurality”). Third, the article analyzes humanist and techno-optimist thought in Czechoslovakia and demonstrates the future-oriented nature of post-Stalinism.

SAINT AUGUSTINE: HIS LIFE AND INTELLECTUAL SOURCES

In this article, we aim to introduce the most prominent thinkers who emerged from the medieval period - the Christian fathers - and he is St. Augustine (354-430 AD), the most important philosophers and thinkers representing moral thought and one of the most prominent who occupied the moral problem. St. Augustine is a central figure in Christianity and the history of thought. Western alike, his name has dominated Western thought, and has not lost its luster to this day. St. Augustine immortalized his name in world history thanks to his political, religious and intellectual ideas. He is a religious man. He has his position and is revered and appreciated throughout the Christian world, especially in the world of thought. Therefore, there is no doubt that the stations of his life, his intellectual sources, and his sayings have weight, value, and influence, and a sense from us of this. Weight and Impact We saw that we take up this great character. In this research, we want to shed light on the personality of St. Augustine, who represented the Christian thought in that era, trying to focus on his life's path, highlighting the most important major milestones in his life and his intellectual sources‎‎. Keywords: The Middle Ages, Augustine, Berber, His Life, Confessions

A bibliometric overview of the journal of historical research in marketing between 2009 and 2021

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reveal the contributions of the Journal of Historical Research in Marketing (JHRM) to the academic body of knowledge. Pursuant to this objective, the study classifies the publications and citation structure of the JHRM, the nature of the publications’ authorship, the most cited articles and authors and the themes that have been covered from the first day until now (2009–2021). Design/methodology/approach This paper uses bibliometric methodologies to analyze several aspects of the JHRM. Findings The average number of citations per paper is 4.54. The number of articles studying marketing history/practice (163) and the history of thought (158) is almost equal, consistent with the journal’s primary orientation. Compared with other journals, it could be said that JHRM achieved close ranks, especially with those of other historical journals of similar age. The most prolific authors whose articles have been published in the JHRM are used in universities located in the USA. The JHRM is closely connected to top-tier journals in the field. Research limitations/implications This study is limited to one journal (JHRM) only. However, the authors assert that the articles analyzed are representative samples of the entire school of marketing history. Another important consideration is that the value of many critical studies in the social sciences cannot be determined using only bibliometric measurements. Originality/value This paper contributes to the marketing literature from several perspectives. First, evaluating the JHRM in terms of its unique standing shows the scope of the field of marketing history. Second, it serves as a guide for existing and future authors regarding the JHRM and the history of marketing. Third, the JHRM’s contributions provide insights into emerging trends and new opportunities for the entire marketing community.

Toward a History of Ideas in the Sahel

This chapter is an attempt to sketch out a prolegomenon to a “history of thought” in the Sahel. It investigates key periods, historical figures, and a library of documents, while also addressing some of the methodological issues raised by the specific conditions and history of the Sahel. It proposes a cartography of the circuits and networks of transmission of knowledge that developed over the centuries in the region and facilitated the production of ideas. Mapping the production of ideas, the chapter explores historical processes, such as the spread of Islam, and modalities of expression to reveal common matrixes, modes of circulation, and exchanges, and uncover their dominant functions in the sociocultural and political dynamics of the Sahel.

On Otherness: An Analysis in the Context of Ibn Sına’s Theory of Relation

The mode of existence of relatives has been a matter of debate throughout the history of thought. Having evaluated the debate through the contrast between a first intelligible that has individuals in the external world and a second intelligible that has no counterpart at the individual level in the external world, Ibn Sīnā believed the relative to be a categorical accident with individuals that can be pointed at in the external world. In the Metaphysics of al-Shifā, Ibn Sīnā proposed a solution aimed at eliminating the objections based on the infinite regress against his view. The article tests the applicability of the model built in this solution to the meaning of otherness (al-mughāyara), the results of which reveal the incompatibility of otherness with this model as a problem. When examining the source of this problem, the following findings are noted: The categorical relative (al-muḍāf) and pure relation (iḍāfa) are not the same thing. Pure relation is a general concept upon which the categorical relative is based and to which it cannot be reduced, because the predicate of oneness (wahda) becomes valid for multiplicity (kathra) through pure relation. Otherness is a general predicate that is inherent in and coextensive with pure relation; in this way, otherness is included in the most general class of concepts that explain the order in the existence of all existents including the categorical relative. As Ibn Sīnā’s solution model in Metaphysics aims to explain the result of pure relation in essences, it cannot be applied to pure relation phases that prioritize results and transcend categories and thus cannot be applied to otherness.