In-Situ Ocular Gel Pharmaceutical Delivery System: A Recent Review

Ocular Drug Delivery has been a key challenge and attractive field for the pharmaceutical scientist due to peerless anatomy and physiology of eye. Glaucoma, dry eye syndrome, keratitis, endophthalmitis, trachoma, and conjunctivitis are just a few of the conditions that can affect the eye. In order to accomplish efficient ocular treatment within the eye, At the point of action, an appropriate supply of active substances must be given and sustained. Due to fast precorneal medication loss, traditional treatment has a low bioavailability. The bioavailability of a medicine is also influenced by static and dynamic barriers. To address the limitations of traditional treatment, significant efforts are being made to develop innovative medication systems for ocular delivery. When a drop is injected into the eye, it goes through a sol-gel transition and forms a cul-de-sac. The in-situ gel system, which comprises thermally triggered, pH triggered, and ion cross linking systems, is the subject of this review. It includes a step-by-step procedure for preparing the pH-triggered system as well as assessment parameters. Keywords: Conventional dosage form, Anatomy and physiology in eye, In-situ gel.

Age-Related Medicine

A meeting organised by the Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences focussed on the challenges of developing medicines for older adults. International experts discussed the complexity introduced by polypharmacy and multiple morbidities and how the risk–benefit ratio of a medicine changes as an individual ages. The way in which regulatory authorities are encouraging the development of age-appropriate medicines was highlighted. Examples were provided of the difficulties faced by the older population with some medicinal products and suggestions given as to how the pharmaceutical scientist can build the requirements of the older population into their development of new medicines, as well as improvements to existing ones.

Dr. Fakhreddin Jamali: Pharmacist, Pharmaceutical Scientist and Mentor

Dr. Fakhreddin Jamali: Pharmacist, Pharmaceutical Scientist and Mentor- Dedicated to An Academic Life and Legacy of Fame and Fortune

FLOATING TABLET: A REVIEW

The design of floating drug delivery Systems (FDDS) should be primarily aimed to achieve more predictable and increased bioavailability. Now-a-days most of the pharmaceutical scientist is involved in developing the ideal FDDS. This ideal system should have advantage of single dose for the whole duration of treatment and it should deliver the active drug directly at the specific site. Gastric emptying occurs during fasting as well as fed states. The pattern of motility is however distinct in the 2 states. During the fasting state an interdigestive series of electrical events take anatomically the stomach is divided into 3 regions: fundus, body, and antrum (pylorus). The place, which cycle both through stomach and intestine every 2 to 3 hours.14 This is called the interdigestive myloelectric cycle or migrating myloelectric cycle (MMC),

Development of Solid-Self Micron Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems

As a consequence of modern drug discovery techniques, there has been a steady increase in the number of new pharmacologically active lipophilic compounds that are poorly water soluble and solubility is one of the most important parameter to achieve desired concentration of drug in systemic circulation for therapeutic response. It is a great challenge for pharmaceutical scientist to convert those molecules into orally administered formulation with sufficient bioavailability. Among the several approaches to improve oral bioavailability of these molecules, Self-micron emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) is one of the approaches usually used to improve the bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs. However, conventional SMEDDS are mostly prepared in a liquid form, which can have several disadvantages. Accordingly, solid SMEDDS (S-SMEDDS) prepared by solidification of liquid/semisolid self-micron emulsifying (SME) ingredients into powders have gained popularity. This article provides an overview of the recent advancements in S-SMEDDS such as methodology, techniques and future research directions.