Microstructure and Properties of PZT Films with Different PbO Content—Ionic Mechanism of Built-In Fields Formation

Experimental studies were conducted on the effects of lead oxide on the microstructure and the ferroelectric properties of lead zirconate-titanate (PZT) films obtained by the method of radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering of a ceramic PZT target and PbO2 powder with subsequent heat treatment. It is shown that the change in ferroelectric properties of polycrystalline PZT films is attributable to their heterophase structure with impurities of lead oxide. It is also shown that, even in the original stoichiometric PZT film, under certain conditions (temperature above 580 °C, duration greater than 70 min), impurities of lead oxide may be formed. The presence of a sublayer of lead oxide leads to a denser formation of crystallization centers of the perovskite phase, resulting in a reduction of the grain size as well as the emergence of a charge on the lower interface. The formation of the perovskite structure under high-temperature annealing is accompanied by the diffusion of lead into the surface of the film. Also shown is the effect of the lead ions segregation on the formation of the self-polarized state of thin PZT films.

2D few-layer iron phosphosulfide: a self-buffer heterophase structure induced by irreversible breakage of P–S bonds for high-performance lithium/sodium storage

2D few-layer FePS3 is proposed for high-performance and low-temperature lithium/sodium storage through the synergism of oriented nanoengineering and intrinsic phase evolution.