BIOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF PISUM SATIVUM L. AND PISUM ARVENSE L.VARIETIES GROWN FOR FORAGE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE SHEBALINO SUBZONE OF THE MID-MOUNTAIN ZONE OF THE REPUBLIC OF ALTAI

For the natural and climatic conditions of the Shebalino subzone of the mid-mountain zone of the Republic of Altai, the most productive mowing varieties of Pisum sativum L. and Pisum arvense L.were selected for forage production from 2017 through 2019. The varieties of Pisum arvense L.Kormovaya 50 and Novosibirskaya 1 were the tallest ones (139-148 cm); among Pisum sativum L.varieties -Altayskiy universalniy (124 cm). The varieties Avans (Pisum sativum L.) and Kormovaya 50 (Pisum arvense L.)were the most resistant to lodging (3.6 score points). The following varie-ties reached the largest herbage yields as compared to the control variety Avans (18.0 t ha): Pisum sativum L.Altayskiy universalniy (+8.29 t ha); Pisum arvense L.varie-tiesKormovaya 50 (+7.58 t ha), Nikolka (+7.96 t ha) and Novosibirskaya 1 (+8.23 t ha). Regarding dry matter yield, these varieties exceeded the control by 0.18-1.92 t ha. The varieties ofPisum arvense L.Nikolka and Novosibirskaya 1 had a high level of digestible protein per fodder unit (157-171 g) while the other varieties had this value in the range of 138-148 g. The hay yield of commercial mixed crops in 2020 was as following: oat variety Argument + Pisum sa-tivum L.Altayskiy universalniy (70% × 30%) -5.48 t ha; digestible protein per fodder unit-111 g; oat variety Argu-ment + Pisum arvense L.varietyKormovaya 50 -5.86 t ha and 116 g, respectively. Mixed crops of oats with these varieties of Pisum sativum L. and Pisum arvense L.allow obtaining protein-balanced forages.

Growth regulators – a biological means for stimulating photosynthetic activity, nitrogen fixation and the increase of the biological value of protein in forage peas (Pisum arvense L.)

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of foliar application of growth regulators on photosynthetic activity, nitrogen fixation and the biological value of protein in two cultivars of winter forage peas – Mir and Vesela. For achieving the aim set, a three-year field trial was carried out in the Training and Experimental Fields of the Agricultural University of Plovdiv, on a plot untreated with commercial fertilizers. The following growth regulators were used: RENI, RENI D, Bormax, Manganese Chelate and Molybdenite, applied at the phenological stage of pea plant budding. The effect of those products on the studied characteristics was compared to the untreated control. The reported three-year results show that foliar applied growth regulators had a positive effect on photosynthetic and nitrogenase activity, as well as on the characteristics of the nitrogen fixation apparatus (total number of nodules, number of active nodules and weight of the nodules) and on the biological value of the obtained protein in both cultivars of winter forage peas.

Agricultural Trade and Undernourishment, Nutrition, and Dietary Diversity

The results described in this chapter are of the investigation based on the collaborative research of scientists from the three Russian universities (Omsk State Agrarian University, Bashkir State Agrarian University, and Orenburg State University) which started in 2014. The authors assess various indicators of food safety. The study includes physical and chemical properties, technological characteristics, and chemical composition of new elite selection cultivars of pea (“Pisum arvense”, the harvest of 2018, Bashkir Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture) and haricot bean (harvest of 2018, Omsk State Agrarian University). Most of the samples have increased phytochemical capacity and high protein concentration (21.15-22.49% in haricot bean; 19.38-23.75% in pea). The authors demonstrate that these cultivars can be used for the enrichment of foodstuff and the creation of new functional foods.

Utjecaj oborina na prinos sjemena ozimog stročnog graška

Ozimi stočni grašak (Pisum arvense L.) sve se više sije u Hrvatskoj i njenom okruženju za proizvodnju kvalitetne voluminozne krme. Sjemenska proizvodnja ozimog stočnog graška vrlo je složena, a time i neizvjesna najviše radi same građe i visine stabljike. Stabljika na kraju vegetacije je visine između 1,5 i 2 metra i pod težinom mahuna poliježe što znatno otežava žetvu i povećava gubitke sjemena. U poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji ostvarivanje većeg ili manjeg prinosa, osim genetike sijane sorte ili hibrida, najčešće se povezuje s okolinskim uvjetima tijekom vegetacije, a prije svih s količinom oborina. U radu je napravljena analiza sjemenske proizvodnje ozimog stočnog graška, sorte Osječki zeleni na površinama Poljoprivrednog instituta Osijek za devetogodišnje razdoblje (2004.-2012. godina) i klimatskih prilika te je utvrđeno veliko variranje kako u prinosu, klijavosti i masi 1000 sjemenki tako i u količini oborina tijekom vegetacijskog perioda ozimog graška u analiziranim godinama. Korelacijska analiza po Pearsonu pokazala je nepostojanje veze između prinosa, klijavosti i mase 1000 sjemena te analiziranih parametara i ukupne količine oborina u vegetacijskom periodu graška, ali niti s količinom oborina po mjesecima, iz čega se može zaključiti da su promatrani parametri pod znatnim utjecajem drugih čimbenika.