Identification of Saltol QTL in the breeding rice samples

One of the main problems in most of the world rice-growing regions is soil salinity. Rice is considered a saline sensitive crop, especially at the early stages of development and in the period of maturity. In the Rostov region, rice is grown in the south-eastern parts, where there are currently difficulties with the operation of the existing reclamation facilities. The problem of saline soils for this region is especially urgent, since a significant part of the arable lands has alkali complexes. In order to return the saline lands into exploitation, it is necessary to develop salt tolerant varieties, which, under crop rotation and maintenance, can contribute to soil desalinization. Due to the difficulty of determining salt tolerance only by estimating the phenotype, it is necessary to use molecular markers associated with this trait. Thus, the purpose of the current work was to identify one of the main Saltol QTL in breeding rice samples of the eighth generation (F8) obtained from hybridizing the donor variety NSYC Rc106 with Russian varieties. For that purpose, there have been used such marker-assisted selection methods as DNA isolation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), electrophoresis on 2% agarose gels, gels’ coloring in ethidium bromide solution, photography in ultraviolet light and evaluation of the obtained electrophoregrams. As a result of the study of 398 breeding rice samples, there have been identified 67 samples with the functional allele of Saltol QTL (6865/3, 6874/2, Don 7343/4, Don 7343/5, Don 7343/6, Don 7343/7, Don 7343/8, Don 7343/9, Don 7343/10, Don 7337/1, Don 7337/3, Don 7337/4, Don 7337/5, Don 7337/6, Don 7337/7, Don 7337/8, etc.). There have been recommended to use these samples in the further breeding process in order to develop new salinity resistant rice varieties.

Reuse of a purified solution of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide for the synthesis of gold nanorods

We investigate the possibility of reusing CTAB solutions for repeated synthesis of gold nanorods. Three tasks have been solved. The first task is to clean the growth solutions from gold nanorods. The second task is to develop a method using a purified cetyltrimethylammonium bromide solution for repeated synthesis of gold nanorods with the same optical properties as in the initial synthesis. The third task is to test the possibility of management of the optical properties of nanorods during repeated synthesis. The polydispersity of nanorods has been estimated by form factor using developed mathematical model.

Collaborative Study for the Quantification of Total Contents of 2- and 3-Monochloropropanediol and Glycidol in Food Emulsifiers by GC-MS

An international robin round was carried out to validate a method for the quantification of 2-monochloropropane-1,3-diol (2-MCPD), 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and 2,3-epoxy-1-propanol (Glycidol) being present as fatty acid esters in plant-based food emulsifiers. The evaluated method was a modification of the American Oil Chemist´s Society (AOCS) Official Method Cd29b-13. Briefly, this method consists from parallel analysis of two sample aliquots that are spiked with different sets of internal standards. Mild alkaline interesterification overnight in the freezer releases the core analytes. Reaction stop and glycidol conversion into monobromopropanediol (MBPD) is realised by addition of acidified sodium bromide solution. Subsequently, matrix removal and analyte extraction are achieved by two liquid/liquid (l/l) extraction steps. After derivatisation with phenylboronic acid (PBA) the final extracts are analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Quantification is carried out by internal one-point-calibration. 6 laboratories from 4 European countries participated in the trial and reported 8 data sets for 10 test materials (mono- and diacylglycerides as well as polyglycerol polyricinoleates) that were analysed as blind duplicates, giving a total of 20 samples. Result outliers were eliminated according to accepted standards. At 2-MCPD levels above 0.02 mg/kg, 3-MCPD levels above 0.06 mg/kg and glycidol levels above 0.22 mg/kg repeatability (RSDr) ranged from 1.5 % to 24.9 %, reproducibility (RSDR) ranged from 7.8 % to 29.0 % and HORRATR-values ranged from 0.5 to 1.7. The tested method showed to be suitable for the determination of 2-MCPD, 3-MCPD and glycidol in food emulsifiers consisting from mono- and diacylglycerides as well as polyglycerol polyricinoleates.

ELECTROCHEMICAL PRODUCTION OF BROMINE BY ELECTROLYSIS OF IRON BROMIDE SOLUTION

The effect of the concentration of the iron bromide solution on the power consump tion and bromine yield is studied. It was found that with a decrease in the concentration of the solution, the energy consumption decreases and the completeness of the reduction and oxidation reactions increases.

Enhancement of Photo-bromination of Phenol by Anthraquinone-2-sulphonate and Benzophenone: Implication for Photo-production of Organic Brominated Compounds by Dissolved Organic Matter in Marine Environment

Organobromine compounds are of great ecological risks due to their high toxicity on organisms. Photochemical halogenation reaction may represent an important natural formation process of natural organobromine compounds in marine environment. Here we reported the enhanced formation of bromophenols from phenol by sunlit anthraquinone-2-sulphonate (AQ2S) and benzophenone (BP) in aqueous bromide solutions. Quinones and aromatic ketones are ubiquitous components of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in surface waters, and AQ2S and BP were adopted here as proxies of DOM. Bromophenols’ formation increased with the increasing of the concentrations of AQ2S and BP, and the promotion effect was in the order AQ2S > BP, indicating that sunlit DOM plays an important role for the formation of reactive bromine species. Chloride was found to promote the formation of bromophenols obviously, suggesting a possible role of the mixed reactive halogen species. Finally, the natural DOM from Suwannee River was found to enhance photobromoination at a low concentration (1 mg L-1) in aqueous bromide solution. Our results demonstrated the importance of reactive halogen species generation from sunlit DOM, which possibly contributes to the abiotic source of organohalogen compounds in marine environment.