The Technology Revolution of The Criminal Jurisdiction Process Without Paper

The technological revolution for the Paperless Criminal Court Process is that in the development of evidence as regulated in the Criminal Procedure Code, it can no longer accommodate developments in information technology; this creates new problems. This problem causes the form of printed media to be shifted to digital media (paperless). This shift makes a significant change in crime using computers because evidence of a crime that will lead to a criminal event is in electronic data. Either on the computer itself (hard disk/floppy disc) or printed out or in another form in the form of a trace (path) of a computer user activity. The judge is not related to the correctness of conformity embodied on the instructions as evidence because electronic evidence cannot stand alone to prove the defendant's guilt. Therefore, it needs to be supported by other evidence.

MAGNETIC FORCE MICROSCOPE IMAGE EVALUATION OF MAGNETIC IRON OXIDE FLOPPY DISC WITH VARIOUS LIFT HEIGHTS

Magnetic Force Microscope Image Evaluation of Magnetic Iron Oxide Floppy Disc with Various Lift Heights. One of the advantages of Scanning Probe Microscopes (SPM) or better known as the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is its ability to "see" in detail at the level of atoms and molecules, so as to improve understanding of how a system works and leads to new discoveries in areas such as life science, materials science, electrochemistry, polymer science, biophysics, nanotechnology and biotechnology. To understand about the MFM mode, amplitude, phase and topographic image, a piece of a flop-py disk as references sample was used in various lift heights. In this paper presented the principles of AFM work and explain the necessary components of such equipment. The MFM images were taken in floating operation method at different heights namely 30, 40 and 60 nm between the surface sample and Co-Cr cantilever tip. Result showed the distance between the cantilever tip to the sample surface influenced the image quality. The best amplitude image could be taken in 60 nm distance.

UN'EDIZIONE COMPUTERIZZATA DI ALCUNI MANOSCRITTI DI LAZZARO SPALLANZANI

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title The author has transcribed the most important manuscripts containing the laboratory notebooks of biological interest of L. Spallanzani. Here we show their importance, content and structure by means of a series of tables which give the location, dates of writing and subject matter of the individual manuscripts (which are kept at the A. Panizzi library in Reggio Emilia). An edition of these manuscripts has been transferred to floppy disc and entrusted to the Florence History of Science Museum. In this article we present the criteria which were followed in the preparation of this edition which can be consulted, after complying with the necessary formalities, at the library itself.

SCHEDE

Abstracttitle RIASSUNTO /title L'A. ha trascritto i pi importanti manoscritti che raccolgono i diari di laboratorio di interesse biologico redatti da L. Spallanzani. Qui se ne illustrano l'importanza, i contenuti e la struttura mediante una serie di schede che danno la collocazione dei singoli Mss. (conservati presso la Biblioteca A. Panizzi di Reggio E.), le date di redazione e la materia trattata. Di questi manoscritti stata preparata un'edizione su floppy disc, affidata alla Biblioteca del Museo di Storia della Scienza di Firenze. Nel presente articolo si precisano i criteri seguiti nell'allestimento di questa edizione, che tutti gli studiosi interessati potranno consultare con le modalit che verranno indicate dalla Biblioteca stessa, alla quale dovranno pertanto rivolgersi.