Dwarf planet (1) Ceres surface bluing due to high porosity resulting from sublimation

The Dawn mission found that the dominant colour variation on the surface of dwarf planet Ceres is a change of the visible spectral slope, where fresh impact craters are surrounded by blue (negative spectral-sloped) ejecta. The origin of this colour variation is still a mystery. Here we investigate a scenario in which an impact mixes the phyllosilicates present on the surface of Ceres with the water ice just below. In our experiment, Ceres analogue material is suspended in liquid water to create intimately mixed ice particles, which are sublimated under conditions approximating those on Ceres. The sublimation residue has a highly porous, foam-like structure made of phyllosilicates that scattered light in similar blue fashion as the Ceres surface. Our experiment provides a mechanism for the blue colour of fresh craters that can naturally emerge from the Ceres environment.

A Novel Frame Work for Detection of Chemically Ripened Mango Fruits Using Dominant Colour Descriptors

Nowadays computer vision systems are widely used for identification, classification and grading of different kind of fruits. Existing research concentrates on features like size of the fruit, colour, shape and texture for classification and maturity detection of mango fruits. Colour of the fruit is one of the prominent feature, though a lot of effort is focused towards identification, maturity and defect detection of mango using colour features,less attempts are made in the direction of the identification of artificially ripening of mango fruits.From another perspective very few attempts are concentrated towards deeper analysis of colour features of the fruits. In order to solve these issues this research paper proposes a new framework for detection of artificial ripening of mango fruit based on MPEG-7 colour descriptors. The proposed scheme includes three stages: first, a pre-processing stage consisting of masking, filtering, segmenting and cropping of an image followed by dominant colour extraction using dominant colour descriptors which are finally mapped with the help of clustering to identify the artificial ripening of mango fruit. The results of experimentsis carried out on two different datasets involving four types of mangoes which demonstrates robustness and efficiency of the proposed method against various other methods.

Morphometric Characterization of Donkeys (Equus asinus) in D/Kudu Kano State For Selective Breeding and Genetic Conservation

Donkeys (Equus asinus) is a domestic livestock popular in helping farming activities and providing food for some societies. Population of donkeys were drastically decreasing due to the overexploitation for its hides and industrialization. Little is known regarding the morphometric measurements of this species which provide a useful information for selective breeding and genetic conservation. One hundred and forty-four male donkeys from D/Kudu Kano state where enrolled in this study for morphometric characterisation. Seven morphological parameters were analysed in association with age and coat colour of donkeys observed. Descriptive statistical analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) as well as correlation coefficient among parameters were evaluated. Result revealed that donkeys in the studied area were categorised into 7 different coat colour with light grey (30.6%) being the dominant colour. High Frequency distribution of donkeys between the ages of 5-7 years (41%) were recorded. Also, both age and coat colour showed a significant (P <0.01) difference on face length, ear length, chest circumference and body length. Significant and positive correlation (r = 0.43–0.91) is observed in all morphological traits except relationship for tail length which is negatively correlated. In conclusion, the morphological features analysed in this study can be regarded as a preliminary for further studies on the Kano donkey breed.

Quantifying colour difference in animals with variable patterning

Colour pattern influences behaviour and modifies survival of organisms through perception of light reflectance. Spectrophotometric methods used to study colour navigate between precision and accuracy of reflectance across wavelengths, while photographic methods are generally used to assess the complexity of colour patterns. Here, we compare how colours characterised using point measurements (simulating spectrophotometry) on the skin of a sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) differ from colours estimated by clustering pixels in a photograph of the lizard’s body. We found that point measurements adequately represented the dominant colour of the lizard; however, where colour patterning influenced measurement geometry, image analysis outper-formed point measurement as regards stability between technical replicates on the same animal. The greater colour variation established from point measurements increased further under controlled laboratory illumination. Both methods revealed lateral colour asymmetry in sand lizards. We conclude that studies assessing the impact of colour on animal ecology and behaviour should utilise hyperspectral imaging, followed by image analysis that encompasses the whole colour pattern.

Pewarisan Sifat Beberapa Karakter Kualitatif pada Tiga Kelompok Cabai

<p>Inheritance of Several Qualitative Characters in Three Group Pepper. Selection method is one of most important factors in determining the success of pepper breeding programs. Selection method will be effective if it is supported by a complete knowledge of genetic character inheritance. This research was aimed to investigate the information of inheritance pattern of pepper adaptability to qualitative characters. There are two steps in this research i.e makes material genetic and inheritance study of qualitative characters in the field. The result showed that all characters qualitative controlled one gen. There are several characters qualitative that depended action gen full dominant (colour young length and fruit textur) and others characters depended action gen partial dominant (colour young fruit and flower position).</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Metode seleksi adalah salah satu faktor penting yang menentukan keberhasilan pemuliaan cabai. Metode seleksi akan lebih efektif jika didukung oleh pengetahuan yang lengkap tentang pola pewarisan karakter genetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola pewarisan yang sesuai untuk karakter-karakter kualitatif. Penelitian ini berlangsung dua tahap, yaitu pembentukan materi genetik dan studi pewarisan karakter kualitatif di lapang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semua karakter kualitatif dikendalikan oleh satu gen. Ada beberapa karakter kualitatif yang dipengaruhi oleh gen dominan penuh (warna batang muda dan tekstur permukaan buah) dan karakter lainnya dipengaruhi oleh gen dominan sebagian (warna buah muda dan posisi bunga).</p>

EVOLUTION OF ABSTRACT VEGETAL ORNAMENTS IN ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

This research investigated the history of Islamic abstract vegetal ornaments and sketched their evolution to understand their creation process and innovations. We studied these ornaments regionally to identify regional variations and classified them based on tastes of patrons. Meanwhile, we analysed the formal aspects of these ornaments, including their dimension, proportion, dominant colour, material, and techniques. In addition, the study conducted detailed observations of their characteristics, such as margins, apex, thickness of stem scrolls and vents, to define their constructive elements, aesthetical properties, and design principles that reveal date, region, and styles. This research not only provides a comprehensive guide to the evolution of Islamic abstract vegetal ornaments for architectural conservation projects but also serves as a reference for the comparative and critical analysis of contemporary Islamic-inspired ornaments.