A Novel Frame Work for Detection of Chemically Ripened Mango Fruits Using Dominant Colour Descriptors

Intelligent Systems and Computer Technology - Advances in Parallel Computing ◽

10.3233/apc200114 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

V. Laxmi ◽

R. Roopalakshmi

Keyword(s):

Defect Detection ◽

Fruit Colour ◽

Prominent Feature ◽

Mango Fruit ◽

Dominant Colour ◽

Frame Work ◽

Computer Vision Systems ◽

Three Stages ◽

Colour Features ◽

New Framework

Nowadays computer vision systems are widely used for identification, classification and grading of different kind of fruits. Existing research concentrates on features like size of the fruit, colour, shape and texture for classification and maturity detection of mango fruits. Colour of the fruit is one of the prominent feature, though a lot of effort is focused towards identification, maturity and defect detection of mango using colour features,less attempts are made in the direction of the identification of artificially ripening of mango fruits.From another perspective very few attempts are concentrated towards deeper analysis of colour features of the fruits. In order to solve these issues this research paper proposes a new framework for detection of artificial ripening of mango fruit based on MPEG-7 colour descriptors. The proposed scheme includes three stages: first, a pre-processing stage consisting of masking, filtering, segmenting and cropping of an image followed by dominant colour extraction using dominant colour descriptors which are finally mapped with the help of clustering to identify the artificial ripening of mango fruit. The results of experimentsis carried out on two different datasets involving four types of mangoes which demonstrates robustness and efficiency of the proposed method against various other methods.

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The Development of the Grain of Wheat

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s002185960000112x ◽

1909 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 195-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

W. E. Brenchley ◽

A. D. Hall

Keyword(s):

Phosphoric Acid ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Prominent Feature ◽

Chemical Changes ◽

Ripening Process ◽

Loss Of Weight ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Main Period ◽

Three Stages

A study during 1907 and 1908 of various plots of wheat cut at three-day intervals leads to the following general conclusions:(1) The whole plant, and with it the nitrogen, ash, and phosphoric acid it contains, increases in weight until about a week before it would be regarded as ready to cut. Some decrease of dry weight takes place during the last week.(2) In the formation of the grain three stages may be distinguished:(a) a period during which the pericarp is the most prominent feature,(b) the main period during which the endosperm is filled,(c) the ripening period characterised by the desiccation of the grain.(3) For the filling of the endosperm each plant possesses as it were a special mould, and continually moves into the grain uniform material cast in that mould, possessing always the same ratio of nitrogenous to non-nitrogenous materials and ash. The character of the mould possessed by each plant is determined by variety, soil, season, &c.(4) The main feature of the ripening process is desiccation rather than the setting in of such chemical changes as the conversion of sugars into starch, non-protein into protein, though the latter change also takes place.(5) The maximum dry weight of grain is attained a day or two before the grain would be regarded as ripe by the farmer. Allowing for the fact that the tillered shoots are a little behind the central shoots, no loss of weight in the crop will be incurred by cutting before the corn appears quite ripe, while a number of accidental mechanical losses due to birds, shedding, weather, may thus be avoided. Other experiments have shown that, though there may be no gain, there will be no loss in the quality of the wheat due to such early cutting.

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Effects of phosphonate and salicylic acid treatments on anthracnose disease development and ripening of 'Kensington Pride' mango fruit

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea99104 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 805 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Zainuri ◽

D. C. Joyce ◽

H. Wearing ◽

L. Coates ◽

L. Terry

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Fungal Pathogen ◽

Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Fruit Colour ◽

Salicylic Acid Treatment ◽

Mango Fruit ◽

Anthracnose Disease ◽

Fruit Skin

This study investigated treatment of mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit with 2 host defence-promoting compounds for suppression of anthracnose disease (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides). Cultivar ‘Kensington Pride’ fruit were treated at concentrations of up to 1000 mg/L with either potassium phosphonate or salicylic acid. Applications were by various combinations of pre- and postharvest dips and vacuum infiltration. Postharvest treatments at up to 2000 mg/L salicylic acid were evaluated in a second fruiting season. Fruit were either uninoculated or inoculated with the fungal pathogen. Colour, firmness and disease-severity were assessed during shelf life at 23°C. There were no significant (P>0.05) effects of potassium phosphonate or salicylic acid on anthracnose disease severity in the first season. Moreover, phosphonate or salicylic acid treatment did not significantly affect fruit colour or firmness changes. There were significant (P<0.05) reductions in anthracnose severity in the second season, especially at the highest concentration of 2000 mg/L salicylic acid. Mango fruit skin colour and firmness changes were also slowed down significantly (P<0.05). These effects of salicylic acid were attributed to inhibition of mango fruit skin ripening (senescence).

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A New Framework for Video Data Retrieval using Hierarchical Clustering Technique

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology - Regular Issue ◽

10.35940/ijeat.f1389.0986s319 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6S3) ◽

pp. 2052-2055 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Visual Motion ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Data Retrieval ◽

Video Data ◽

Second Step ◽

Huge Amount ◽

New Techniques ◽

Amount Of Information ◽

Frame Work ◽

New Framework

The amount of information produced every year is rapidly growing due to many factor among all media, video is a particular media embedding visual, motion, audio and textual information. Given this huge amount of information we need general framework for video data mining to be applied to the raw videos (surveillance videos, news reading, Person reading books in library etc.).We introduce new techniques which are essential to process the video files. The first step of our frame work for mining raw video data in grouping input frames to a set of basic units which are relevant to the structure of the video. The second step is charactering the unit to cluster into similar groups, to detect interesting patterns. To do this we extract some features (object, colors etc.)From the unit. A histogram based color descriptors also introduced to reliably capture and represent the color properties of multiple images. The preliminary experimental studies indicate that the proposed framework is promising

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Design of objective lens for 200-kV high-resolution electron microscopes

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100075361 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 314-315

Author(s):

K. Tsuno ◽

T. Honda ◽

Y. Harada ◽

M. Naruse

Keyword(s):

Optical Properties ◽

Computer Technology ◽

Axial Magnetic Field ◽

Chromatic Aberration ◽

Objective Lens ◽

Resolution Electron ◽

Correction Of Astigmatism ◽

Three Stages ◽

Electron Microscopes ◽

Stage 1

Developement of computer technology provides much improvements on electron microscopy, such as simulation of images, reconstruction of images and automatic controll of microscopes (auto-focussing and auto-correction of astigmatism) and design of electron microscope lenses by using a finite element method (FEM). In this investigation, procedures for simulating the optical properties of objective lenses of HREM and the characteristics of the new lens for HREM at 200 kV are described.The process for designing the objective lens is divided into three stages. Stage 1 is the process for estimating the optical properties of the lens. Firstly, calculation by FEM is made for simulating the axial magnetic field distributions Bzc of the lens. Secondly, electron ray trajectory is numerically calculated by using Bzc. And lastly, using Bzc and ray trajectory, spherical and chromatic aberration coefficients Cs and Cc are numerically calculated. Above calculations are repeated by changing the shape of lens until! to find an optimum aberration coefficients.

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Atomic orientation effects in proton stopping at low velocity

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100077116 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 708-709

Author(s):

Kin Lam

Keyword(s):

Polycrystalline Material ◽

Charged Particles ◽

Target Material ◽

Stopping Power ◽

Low Velocity ◽

Electronic Density ◽

Interatomic Distances ◽

Frame Work ◽

Image Position ◽

Atomic Orientation

The energy of moving ions in solid is dependent on the electronic density as well as the atomic structural properties of the target material. These factors contribute to the observable effects in polycrystalline material using the scanning ion microscope. Here we outline a method to investigate the dependence of low velocity proton stopping on interatomic distances and orientations.The interaction of charged particles with atoms in the frame work of the Fermi gas model was proposed by Lindhard. For a system of atoms, the electronic Lindhard stopping power can be generalized to the formwhere the stopping power function is defined as

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The Morphology of Vacuolated Cells in the Liver Following Administration of Vitamin A.

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100072484 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 408-409

Author(s):

Odell T. Minick ◽

Hidejiro Yokoo ◽

Fawzia Batti

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Body Weight ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Light And Electron Microscopy ◽

Liver Cells ◽

Prominent Feature ◽

Vascular Space ◽

Vacuolated Cell ◽

Vacuolated Cells ◽

Vacuolated Cytoplasm

Vacuolated cells in the liver of young rats were studied by light and electron microscopy following the administration of vitamin A (200 units per gram of body weight). Their characteristics were compared with similar cells found in untreated animals.In rats given vitamin A, cells with vacuolated cytoplasm were a prominent feature. These cells were found mostly in a perisinusoidal location, although some appeared to be in between liver cells (Fig. 1). Electron microscopy confirmed their location in Disse's space adjacent to the sinusoid and in recesses between liver cells. Some appeared to be bordering the lumen of the sinusoid, but careful observation usually revealed a tenuous endothelial process separating the vacuolated cell from the vascular space. In appropriate sections, fenestrations in the thin endothelial processes were noted (Fig. 2, arrow).

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Formation of Dislocation Channels in Neutron Irradiated Molybdenum

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100096618 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 672-673

Author(s):

S. Mahajan

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Channel Formation ◽

Early Stages ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Three Stages ◽

Two Stages ◽

Polycrystalline Molybdenum

The evolution of dislocation channels in irradiated metals during deformation can be envisaged to occur in three stages: (i) formation of embryonic cluster free regions, (ii) growth of these regions into microscopically observable channels and (iii) termination of their growth due to the accumulation of dislocation damage. The first two stages are particularly intriguing, and we have attempted to follow the early stages of channel formation in polycrystalline molybdenum, irradiated to 5×1019 n. cm−2 (E > 1 Mev) at the reactor ambient temperature (∼ 60°C), using transmission electron microscopy. The irradiated samples were strained, at room temperature, up to the macroscopic yield point.Figure 1 illustrates the early stages of channel formation. The observations suggest that the cluster free regions, such as A, B and C, form in isolated packets, which could subsequently link-up to evolve a channel.

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