Double Haploid Development and Assessment of Androgenic Competence of Balkan Pepper Core Collection in Bulgaria

This study was designed to assess the androgenic potential of 180 pepper accessions and 11 progenies (four F1 and seven BC) possessing PMMoV resistance in order to complement an ongoing pepper breeding program. The experiment was carried out in 10 replications with 20 anthers for each accession in two different induction mediums from 2017 to 2019. The highest androgenic response was observed in culture medium 17-2 but differences between two mediums were nonsignificant. From a total of 191 genotypes, 102 genotypes expressed a potential for direct embryogenesis. Embryo induction was seen to be genotype-dependent and decreased in the following order: Pumpkin > Conical > Bell or blocky > Round > Elongate as the most responsive genotypes with over 10% reacted anthers being observed in CAPS-23, CAPS-29, CAPS-127, CAPS-157, CAPS-169, F1 and BC 887 derived from CAPS-23. The number of regenerated plants was higher in the conical group and least in the round varietal group. Regenerated plants were examined visually and by flow cytometry for identification of spontaneous doubled haploids (DH) and haploids. Those originating from F1 and BC progenies were additionally evaluated by a CAPS marker targeting L4 allele for resistance against PMMoV. Obtained results revealed two groups consisting of homozygous susceptible and resistant plants. Therefore, use of anther culture in ongoing breeding will greatly facilitate the pepper genetic improvement.

Creation of pepper doubled haploids and morphological characterization of androgenic plants

The Balkan pepper breeding program aims to use in vitro embryogenesis (anther culture) to develop doubled haploid pepper lines with valuable traits. We analyzed the effectiveness of microspore embryogenesis on 17 pepper genotypes comprised of varieties, breeding lines, and F1 hybrids of different varietal types (conical, bell shape, and kapia) and characterized the agronomic traits of newly generated doubled haploid lines. The highest androgenic potential was observed in the variety Stryama and breeding line 560/06 with 9.55 and 13.00% reacted anthers, respectively. Of the 186 regenerated plants, 147 were successfully adapted with a survival index of 79.03%. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the haploid:diploid ratio of regenerants was 1.5:1. All diploid plants were confirmed to be androgenic in origin. There were significant differences in terms of quantitative fruit characteristics of length, width, weight, pericarp weight, pericarp thickness, and productivity per plant among the diploid lines. Also, androgenic lines 21, 23, and 74 derived from Stryama and line 55 obtained from Zlaten medal 7 were distinguished with higher values of some fruit traits compared to initial genotypes. Additionally, several androgenesis lines (Stryama lines 21, 23, and 74, and Zlaten medal 7 line 55) scored higher for some fruit traits compared to the initial genotype. These results show that anther culture is a promising tool for the creation of Balkan pepper breeding lines with improved traits.

ANALISIS HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI DAN KEUNTUNGAN USAHA PEMBIBITAN LADA DI DESA SUKADANA BARU KECAMATAN MARGA TIGA KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TIMUR

This research aims to analyze the main production cost and profit of local and recommended pepper breeding in Sukadana Baru Village, Marga Tiga Subdistrict, East Lampung Regency. Respondents are ten pepper breeding farmers divided into three groups based on the amount of production and length of business. The data were collected in March - April 2019. This research used a survey method where the qualitative and quantitative analysis are utilized as the data analysis tools. The quantitative analysis is utilized to analyze the main production cost and profit. The qualitative analysis is used to differentiate the main production cost and profit from each group. The results show that the cost production of local pepper breeding with variable costing method ranges from IDR1,103.86 - IDR1,466.68 and with the full costing method ranging from IDR1,351.71-IDR1,754.59. The basic cost of recommended pepper breeding with variable costing method ranges from IDR821.83-IDR1,011.09 and with the full costing method ranging from IDR1,011.90-IDR1,305.09. Local pepper breeding generated profit for cash costs in one year amounting to IDR1,516.08-IDR3,527,046.65 and for a total cost of IDR1,016,002.78-IDR2,764,370.65, the recommended pepper breedings generated profit from cash costs a year amounting to IDR4,823,589.37-IDR12,628,495.56 and over total cost of IDR2,297,595.11-IDR8,763,441.85. Key words: breeding, pepper, profit, the main production cost.

Genetic parameters and simultaneous selection using traits of ornamental interest in pepper plants

ABSTRACT Pepper plants of the genus Capsicum are widely grown worldwide. The Capsicum annuum species shows ornamental potential; nevertheless, in the state of Piauí, there has been a lack of studies on its performance, related to quality traits needed to meet market demand. The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters and associations between traits of ornamental interest in C. annuum in order to indicate, by simultaneous selection of traits, accessions to start an ornamental pepper breeding program in Piauí. We evaluated 16 accessions of C. annuum under plastic house conditions at Universidade Federal do Piauí. Number of days to flowering, number of days to fruit maturation, plant height, number of fruits per plant, fruit persistence, fruit length, fruit width, leaf length and fruit weight were evaluated. A significant difference (p≤0.01) between accessions for all traits was noticed. Coefficient of genetic variation / coefficient of experimental variation [Cvg/Cve (%)] ratios were greater than 1 and the genotypic determination coefficient (H²) values were all greater than 89.95%. The estimates of the genotypic correlations were higher in relation to phenotypic correlations in most of the traits, however, according to path analysis, an effect of residual variable (0.59) was verified. According to the results, the accessions BAGC 98, 199, 207 and 236 can be used as parents to start an ornamental pepper breeding program in Piauí.

Susceptibility of ten pepper breeding lines to cucumber mosaic virus disease

Pepper (Capsicum annuum) is a major vegetable of global importance. Its production is however affected by varying biotic and abiotic stresses. Virus infections possess a genuine danger to pepper cultivation in Nigeria and all over the world resulting in over 50 % yield losses. Thus, the need to subject available pepper germplasm to screening against virus diseases for possible identification of resistant genes which may be used in breeding programmes to obtain improved lines that are high yielding. This study was undertaken to evaluate the growth and performances of ten pepper breeding lines under cucumber mosaic virus disease. The experiment was laid out in completely randomised design with five replications. Ten pepper breeding lines were evaluated as healthy and inoculated with cucumber mosaic virus and evaluated for their responses. Data were recorded for disease incidence, severity, growth and yield attributes. The data were subjected to analysis of variance. The results revealed that NHPK/D6-1-1 which showed mild disease incidence (36.7 % on average) with an average severity (score = 2.2), produced the highest number of leaves per plant (13) and branches (8) under diseased condition was the least vulnerable. The CMV-infected breeding lines were fruitless except for NHPK/D6-1-1 and NHPK/21-4-1-2 which produced an average of 2 fruits per plant. The selection of NHPK/D6-1-1 and NHPK/21-4-1-2 for further evaluation is therefore recommended for possible CMV-tolerant genes. The identification of virus-resistant breeding lines would provide more effective control of virus diseases in pepper production. Keywords: Capsicum annuum; Cucumber mosaic virus; Breeding lines; NHPK

Перец сладкий стратегия роста

Представлены современное состояние и перспективы производства и потребления перца сладкого в России. Показан вклад селекции в совершенствование сортимента перца сладкого. Подчеркнута ведущая роль сортов и гибридов этой культуры в росте урожайности и повышении качества продукции. Дано описание перспективных F1 гибридов перца сладкого селекции Агрохолдинга Поиск .Presented the current state and prospects of sweet pepper production and consumption in Russia. The contribution of breeding in the improvement of the sweet pepper variety is shown. The leading role of varieties and hybrids of this crop in increasing yields and improving product quality is emphasized. Description of promising hybrids sweet pepper breeding of Poisk Agro holding.

Different multivariate analysis for fruit traits in sweet pepper breeding

Pepper is very popular vegetable crop in Southeast Europe and in Serbia as well. Wide genetic variability is essential in pepper breeding programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate variability for the most important fruit traits and differences between 28 sweet pepper genotypes from the working collection from the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops (Novi Sad, Serbia). The following traits were analyzed: fruit weight (g), fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm), fruit index, number of locules, number of apexes, pericarp thickness (mm), and total soluble solids (?Brix). Results confirmed great variability in evaluated pepper fruit traits. Genotypes were separated into individual groups based on fruit characteristics. According to our research, hierarchical cluster analysis represented differentiation among groups of genotypes more clearly than PCA, but not comparing to k-means. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed the similarity between genotypes, but k-means clustering did not. Genotypes from group 3 will be used in breeding for higher fruit weight and group 6 for thicker pericarp.