A Comparative Analysis of the Albanian and British English Vowel System

Analyzing the complexity of the articulatory process of the vowels in Albanian and English language is of crucial importance in distinguishing their unique phonetic and phonological properties. The standard Albanian vocalic system includes seven vowels, unlike the standard British English vowel system which consists of five vowels. Drawing points of similarity and differentiation between the vowel systems of the two languages requires detailed analysis regarding the degree of opening and the position of the tongue in the vowel tract. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to highlight differences and similarities of the vowel system (monophthongs) between standard Albanian language and British English. The seven Albanian vowels considerably differ from their five English counterparts, not only by their degree of opening but even by their placement concerning the horizontal movement of the tongue, which can be observed by examining the two vowel charts of both languages. The Albanian vowel system is displayed through a triangle, meanwhile the English vowel system is a schematic arrangement of vowels into a quadrilateral.Thus analyzing their properties by using a comparative approach regarding vowels articulation in both languages would help in generating a clear picture of their common and distinguishing characteristics.

Performance Analysis of a Universal Circuit for Reversible ALU using QCA & CMOS Technology

The reversible logic and gates are one of the promising and upcoming technologies which are capable of overcoming the limitations of the design and applications based on the CMOS technology. In this technology, the schematic arrangement of the device is implemented in such a way that every input terminal has been provided with individual output terminals. The author has used the technology which is based on quantum computations with a basic feature of loss of energy in small amount. It has many advantages like very high operating speed, low energy dissipation, and high device density. An adder/subtractor is heart of arithmetic units of processors i.e. acts as universal circuit for carrying out the mathematical computations in the quantum processors. The author has put forward a novel reversible adder/subtractor circuit using reversible logic & QCA. The QCA based circuit reported by the author has been compared and analyzed for the performance on the basis of number of gates, size, delay, power dissipation etc. The experimental work has been completed with the use of the most suitable and reliable software i.e. QCA and the performance of the proposed circuit has proven to be quite useful for this circuit to be used in some promising applications. These results are also compared with those obtained with the use of CMOS Technologies.

A Conceptual Design for a Combined Cycle Power Plant Comprising Modified Exhaust-Heated Gas Turbine and a Steam Turbine Plant: Part I — Preliminary Calculations, Basic Dimensions and General Design Conception

An example of the application of a modified exhaust -heated gas turbine system (with fourfold compression and fourfold expansion) coupled with a steam turbine plant with reheat has been presented. Schematic arrangement and design data of a combined plant have been shown (state parameters of fluids, mass-flow rates, dimensions, etc.). Natural gas has been taken into consideration as fuel. In spite of comparatively high pressure losses on the gas side a thermal efficiency of 50% on clutch (about 47,5% on terminals) is obtainable.

Environmental-cell TEM studies of catalyst particle behavior

In order to fully understand the general loss of activity for supported metal catalysts during the catalytic process, attempts of investigations of the microstructure and of observed structural changes of supported metal catalysts have been made by using environmental-cell TEM (EC-TEM). The EC-TEM used throughout the experiments reported here consists of a Philips-EM430 (300kV) TEM fitted with a Gatan environmental cell (E-cell). The key design feature is the ability to operate at high gas pressure in the specimen region while still maintaining high vacuum in the rest of the microscope. Fig.1 shows a sideview of the schematic arrangement of the E-cell (A). The standard Phi 1ips-EM430 twin pole pieces (B) have been modified by Gatan Inc. (with a resolution better than 0.34nm) in order to accept the E-cell. Specifically, a groove or “terrace” was machined around a diameter of the upper and lower pole pieces in order to seal with the top and bottom 0-rings (C) of the E-cell.