IDENTIFIKASI DAN PENAPISAN ALKALOID PADA JENIS-JENIS TUMBUHAN PAKU (Pteridophyta) DI CAGAR ALAM GUNUNG MUTIS

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis tumbuhan paku dan senyawa alkaloid pada tumbuhan paku yang terdapat di Cagar Alam Gunung Mutis. Penelitian ini akan dilakukan di Cagar Alam Gunung Mutis pada bulan Februari- Maret 2019 dan uji senyawa alkaloid. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik metode jelajah sepanjang jalan yang dilalui dari Oenino hingga padang II pada ketinggian 1.500-1.800 mdpl di Cagar Alam Gunung Mutis. Penapisan alkaloid menggunakan Reagen Mayer, Wagner dan Dragendorff, sampel yang digunakan akar, batang dan daun sekitar 1 gram. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ditemukan 9 spesies tumbuhan paku di Cagar Alam Gunung Mutis, yaitu Dryopteris filix-mas, Hypolepis tructata, Gleichenia truncata, Asplenium nidus, Trichomanes maximum, Platycerium bifurcatum, Nephrolepis cordifolia, Cyanthea contaminans dan Dyplazium esculentum. Berdasarkan hasil uji alkaloid, pada akar tumbuhan paku yang mengadung senyawa alkaloid adalah Dryopteris filix-mas, Hypolepis tructata, Gleichenia truncata, Asplenium nidus, Trichomanes maximum, Platycerium bifurcatum, Nephrolepis cordifolia, Cyanthea contaminans, pada bagian batang, tumbuhan paku yang mengandung senyawa alkaloid adalah Dryopteris filix-mas, Hypolepis tructata, Gleichenia truncata, Asplenium nidus, Trichomanes maximum, Platycerium bifurcatum, Nephrolepis cordifolia, Cyanthea contaminans dan pada bagian daun, tumbuhan paku yang mengandung senyawa alkaloid adalah Dryopteris filix-mas, Gleichenia truncata, Asplenium nidus, Trichomanes maximum, Platycerium bifurcatum, Nephrolepis cordifolia, dan Cyanthea contaminans. Kata Kunci : Alkaloid, Tumbuhan Paku, Cagar Alam

Kelimpahan Tumbuhan Paku (Pteridophyta) di Hutan Desa Tanglapui, Kecamatan Alor Timur, Kabupaten Alor

This study aims to determine the composition of species, diversity, and density of ferns in the Forest area of ​​Tanglapui Village, East Alor District, Alor Regency. To make observations and divide the study site into 4 stations, namely: stasium 1 east, stasium 2 south, stasium 3 north, and stasium 4 western parts, which contained nail plants (pteridophyta). At each station two observation plots were installed for sampling. Placement of the observation plot using purposive sampling by determining the starting point and installing a plot measuring 20 m long and 10 m wide. Every nail plant found at the study site was recorded. The data obtained is then processed to see the number of nail species found, the abundance of each fern, and the index of diversity of ferns using the Shannon-Wiener diversity formula. The results showed that 22 species of ferns were found, namely Diplazium esculentum, Cyathea contaminans, Lygodium venustum sw, Drynaria quercifolia, Platycerium bifurcatum, Microsorum punctatum, Equisetum debile, Pteris biaurita L, Pytirogramma calomelanos, Polypodium virginianum sp. cuneatum, Pteris cretica L, Davallia denticulate, Asplenium attenuatum, Psilotum nudum L, Marsilia polycarpa, Pteris vittata, Nephrolepis biserrata, Pyrrosia piloselloidesi L MG, Macrothelipteris torresiana. One of the ferns that dominates the tanglapui forest area is Cyathea contaminans with a total of 509 individuals with a density of 0.32 individuals / m2. The value of diversity in the lowland tanglapui forests is 0.77.

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Chloroform Fraction of Platycerium Bifurcatum

The study investigated the bioactive constituents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Platycerium bifucartum leaves. Chloroform fraction of P. bifurcatum was prepared by partitioning the ethanol extract with chloroform and water. The phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard methods. Fourier transformer-infrared (FT-IR) and Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) were used in the characterization of the bioactive compounds. The antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the chloroform fraction were evaluated using standard protocols. The fourier transformer-infrared analysis showed the presence of C=O, OH, CHO, C-F and -NH functional groups. GC/MS characterization gave benzeneethaneamine (33.3%), 2-amino-1-(4-methylphenyl) propane (17.04%), hydroxyurea (30.26%) and epinephrine (13.26). The extract inhibited the growth of the bacterial isolates. The fraction exhibited antioxidant properties that were comparable with ascorbic acid. The presence of these compounds showed that the leaves of Platycerium bifurcatum can be used for the treatment of some bacterial diseases.

A Low Ratio of Red/Far-Red in the Light Spectrum Accelerates Senescence in Nest Leaves of Platycerium Bifurcatum

The fern Platycerium bifurcatum is a valuable component of the flora of tropical forests, where degradation of local ecosystems and changes in lighting conditions occur due to the increasing anthropogenic pressure. In ferns, phytochrome mechanism responsible for the response to changes in the value of R/FR differs from the mechanism observed in spermatophytes. This study analyzed the course of ontogenesis of nest leaves in P. bifurcatum at two values of the R/FR ratio, corresponding to shadow conditions (low R/FR) and intense insolation (high R/FR). The work used only non-destructive research analysis, such as measurements of reflectance of radiation from the leaves, their blue-green and red fluorescence, and the chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics. This allowed tracing the development and aging processes in the same leaves. Nest leaves are characterized by short, intense growth and rapid senescence. The study identified four stages of development of the studied leaves related to morphological and anatomical structure and changing photochemical efficiency of PSII. Under the high R/FR ratio, the rate of ontogenesis of the leaf lamina was much slower than under the low R/FR value. As shown, the rapid aging of the leaves was correlated with faster decline of the chlorophyll content. It was shown that leaf senescence was accompanied by accumulation of polyphenols, anthocyanins and carotenoids on the basis of reflectance and fluorescence measurements in the blue-green range.