Uso de filmes como estratégia no ensino de Bioética

O objetivo desse estudo é analisar a produção cientifica sobre o uso de filmes como estratégia no ensino de bioética. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, com resgate de estudos a partir das bases de dados LILACS, BDENF, MEDILINE e na Biblioteca Virtual SciELO, por meio dos DeCS/MeSH Bioethics, Teaching, Education, Nursing, Instructional Film and Video, Motion Pictures e as palavras-chave Movies e Cinema. Foram selecionados oito estudos, distribuídos uniformemente nos últimos 10 anos, com texto em inglês, espanhol e português, resgatados a partir das bases de dados LILACS e MEDLINE, todos classificados no nível de evidência IV. Nesse contexto, os estudos resgatados nessa revisão apontam resultados positivos quanto ao uso de filmes no ensino de bioética, afirmando a importância da incorporação dessa estratégia nas práticas pedagógicas dos cursos de saúde. Houve massificação na concordância do uso dessa ferramenta para discussão de ideias morais e filosóficas novas ou complexas, que impactam diretamente nas questões da prática clínica no âmbito dos profissionais da saúde. Porém, a literatura ressalta que essa estratégia não deve ser usada como entretenimento despretensioso e sem compromisso.

The persistent instructor: 45 years of Kofi the Good Farmer in Ghana

In 1950, the Gold Coast colonial government published the 52-page pamphlet titled Kofi the Good Farmer. In 1953, it was adapted into a thirteen-minute instructional film of the same name. The film, like the booklet, follows a farmer named Kofi as he demonstrates proper cocoa-farming methods. Depicted as a remote, rural farmer who becomes successful because of his implementation of foreign farming techniques and his acceptance of the colonial government’s authority to determine and control the cocoa grading scale, Kofi provides evidence of paternalism and racialist colonial rhetoric in British colonial filmmaking. However, 34 years after the making of Kofi, it was re-shown to rural audiences. Why was a dutiful colonial subject like Kofi instructing cocoa farmers over 30 years after Ghana’s independence? And what can his use by the postcolonial state tell us about national governance? This article argues that the persistent use of Kofi by Ghana reveals the entangled relationship between colonialism and nationalism in postcolonial governance. Following the subtle changes that Kofi has undergone in his 45 years of government service, I highlight how government-sponsored films construct their audiences as remote in order to reinforce the power of the state in moments of political uncertainty.

The Rules of Attraction: Urban Design, City Films, and Movement Studies

"William H.Whyte’s instructional film The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces (1979), which chronicles the findings of his decade-long study of people’s behavior in small urban spaces in New York City in the 1970s, offers a precise analysis of the rules of attraction that draw people into places and that keep them attached. By combining direct observation with complex technical arrangements and new forms of movement studies, Whyte’s study advocates a quintessentially process-oriented understanding of ‘placemaking’ that shaped a new bottom-up approach to urban design in the 1970s. "

Evasive Enlightenment:World Without Endand the Internationalism of Postwar Documentary

This article explores the discursive theme of documentary's crisis and renewal through internationalism as it evolved at the Edinburgh International Film Festival, established in 1947. During its first decade Edinburgh was the most significant forum for discussion on the future of documentary as an international genre, a debate to which all the key figures of the prewar generation contributed, as critics, panelists, advisors, speakers and film-makers. Amid a sense of crisis for British documentary, marked by the perceived dominance of instructional film-making of limited social and aesthetic ambition, these figures urged film-makers to look to the developing world, where the old themes of documentary could inspire new work to match the canonical works of the past. Presented at Edinburgh in 1953 World Without End, an aesthetically ambitious film made in Siam and Mexico, sponsored by the international agency UNESCO and co-directed by two of the British documentary movement's most celebrated film-makers Basil Wright and Paul Rotha, was widely praised as renewing the prewar traditions of the sponsored documentary. The article argues that the well-intentioned critical discourse of renewal through thematic engagement with international development, evident in the reception of World Without End, evades the contemporary politics of the British state's relationship to its empire, the movements of national liberation that actively sought to end it and the new forms of despotism nurtured by the geopolitics of the Cold War.

Toronto's "Girl Workers." The Female Body and Industrial Efficiency in Her Own Fault

Her Own Fault is an instructional film produced by Ontario's Provincial Board of Health through its Division of Industrial Hygiene in 1921. In its attempt to influence Toronto's working women, the film suggests some of the challenges posed by the female factory worker in the early part of the century. This article will situate Her Own Fault in relation to othet contemporary discourse on women's work and leisure habits. The author will also consider the film's treatment of female factory workers and the ways in which this film might circumscribe net behaviour and net gaze.

Response-Style Effects, Response-Shift Bias, and a Bogus-Pipeline: A Replication

In an earlier study by Sprangers and Hoogstraten, a bogus-pipeline induction did remove response-style effects in the self-reported pretest. Response-shift bias, defined as a significant mean difference between conventional pre- and retrospective preratings, was consequently eliminated. It was concluded that response-style effects in the pretesting are a likely cause of response-shift bias. The present experiment was designed to examine whether these results are stable and generalizable to a different educational training. The present replication made use of the same bogus-pipeline procedure. The experimental training was a First Aid instructional film. Subjects were 53 freshmen in psychology who were fulfilling a course requirement. Contrary to expectation, a bogus-pipeline induction did not lower self-reported preratings. A response-shift did not occur in the bogus-pipeline or in the non-bogus-pipeline conditions. It was concluded that a construct not susceptible to removal of response-style effects is not susceptible to response-shift bias either. Results are consonant with the response-style basis for response-shift bias and show no contradiction of the former study. Data furthermore show that the administration of an objective pretest had no effect on subsequent objective posttreatment scores.